Which of the following research methods is most often found popular in social research quizlet?
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Terms in this set (52)Which of the three main sociological research methods is used least today? Ethnography, experiments, or surveys? Experiments. In recent years, sociology has become more concerned about the ethics of experiments with human subjects. Hypotheses Ideas or educated guesses about a given state of affairs, put forward as bases for empirical testing. Research Methods The diverse methods of Ethnography The firsthand study of people using participant observation or interviewing. Participant Oberservation A method of research widely used in sociology and anthropology in which the researcher takes part in the activities of the group or community being studied. Measures of Central Tendencies The ways of calculating averages. Correlation Coefficients The measure of the degree of correlation between variables. Mean A statistical measure of central Mode The number that appears most often Median The number that falls halfway in a Standard Deviation A way of calculating the spread of a group of numbers. Degree of dispersal The range or distribution of a set of figures. Survey A method of sociological research Population The people who are the focus of Pilot Study A trial run in survey research. Sample A small proportion of a larger population. Sampling Studying a proportion of individuals Random Sampling Sampling method in which a sample is chosen so that every member of the population has the same probability of being included. Experiment A research method by which variables can be analyzed in a controlled and systematic way, either in an artificial situation constructed by the researcher or in a naturally occurring setting. Comparative Research Research that compares one set of findings on one society with the same type of findings on other societies. Empirical Investigation Factual inquiries carried out in any area of sociological study. What is the definition of a hypothesis? An educated guess In a study of more than 1 million Facebook users in romantic relationships, which factor was a good predictor of whether the relationship would last? The number of other Facebook friends the couple had in common What conclusions did Theda Skocpol reach through her well-known study of national revolutions? 1. State structures can be strengthened or weakened by international events. In science, __________ investigation may be done through observation (for example, fieldwork), experiment, or a review of statistics compiled by others. The common thread is a search for the facts as they are, as opposed to what we would like them to be or what a theory predicts they ought to be. empirical Steps for reading a Table 1. Read the title in full Which factor makes something not only a problem but also a puzzle? a gap in our understanding Which of the following have the advantage of either a field experiment or laboratory experiment? Field: naturalness of setting, generalizability, size of study groups What represents a difficulty in social science that is normally not encountered in natural science? Outcomes are affected by the presence of the observer. Which obstacles would a field researcher engaged in participant observation encounter? physical danger, feelings of isolation, dishonest interview subjects What are among the basic standards sociological research must meet in order to be considered scientific? The findings must be reproducible by other researchers and the research must reach conclusions that go beyond what was observed. Some people think that a field of study must use ___________ methods rather than __________ ones to count as scientific. That is incorrect. What makes a discipline a science is a set of _______ that can be deployed in ________, not a particular choice of ___________. quantitative, qualitative, values, research, methods The ________ is a measure of central tendency. The _________ is a measure of degree of dispersal. mean, standard deviation When research is carried out, difficulties may arise that could force the researcher to rethink his or her initial strategy. What are some examples of such difficulties? 1. Interview subjects may be unexpectedly hard to contact. Which two areas of study did Robert Park believe were proper subjects for sociology? Urban life and Immigration Steps in the research process: 1. Define the problem A 1994 study compared people who were given vouchers for new apartments to people who had ______________________. The study found that although those who moved did not do better _____________, they did report __________ and also lost weight. applied but were not selected, in the labor market, being happier Robert Park pioneered observational fieldwork in Chicago William Ogburn emphasized quantitative methods in sociology Alice Goffman wrote about living with a group of boys on the run from the law Diane Vaughan interviewed people about their romantic breakups If there is a correlation between two variables A and B, it may be because A causes B, or because B causes A, but it cannot be both. True or False. False When Alice Goffman studied the role of home and work in the lives of young, black men prone to running afoul of the law, what did she find? Home and work provided police with the means to track down the young men. Andreas Wimmer used quantitative techniques to investigate the causes of war Theda Skocpol used case studies to investigate the causes of revolutionary social change Philip Zimbardo used an experiment to investigate social aspects of power relationships After Robert Park's earlier experience in philosophy in Europe, which of the following did he later tell his students? To get the seat of their pants dirty doing real research and to wear out their shoe leather gathering data What did Andreas Wimmer determine was the best sociological predictor of war within a geographic territory in the twentieth century? The existence of nationalist organizations. The twentieth century was an era of ethno-nationalist conflict. After reviewing data from the General Social Survey for the years 1985-2004, what conclusion about Americans' social ties did one team of researchers reach? Americans have fewer close friends to confide in than they did in the past. What term describes social scientists' recognition of their own social position influencing the results of their research. reflexivity What did Robert Park and William Ogburn do in the 1920s to usher in a new era in sociology that demanded more than mere theoretical speculation? They grounded theory in data and facts What, according to William Ogburn, is the goal of sociology? 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Which of the following research methods are used in sociology?Sociologists make use of tried-and-true methods of research, such as experiments, surveys, field research, and textual analysis.
Which of the following is the most widely used form of research methodology?As a research method, a survey collects data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire. The survey is one of the most widely used scientific research methods.
Which of the following is the most common unit of analysis in social research?Individuals. Individuals are the most common units of analysis within sociological research.
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