Ergonomics is the process of designing or arranging workplaces, products and systems so that they fit the people who use them.
Most people have heard of ergonomics and think it is something to do with seating or with the design of car controls and instruments – and it is… but it is so much more. Ergonomics applies to the design of anything that involves people – workspaces, sports and leisure, health and safety.
Ergonomics [or ‘human factors’ as it is referred to in North America] is a branch of science that aims to learn about human abilities and limitations, and then apply this learning to improve people’s interaction with products, systems and environments.
Ergonomics aims to improve workspaces and environments to minimise risk of injury or harm. So as technologies change, so too does the need to ensure that the tools we access for work, rest and play are designed for our body’s requirements.
Why is Ergonomics important?
In the workplace: According to Safe Work Australia, the total economic cost of work-related injuries and illnesses is estimated to be $60 billion dollars. Recent research has shown that lower back pain is the world’s most common work-related disability – affecting employees from offices, building sites and in the highest risk category, agriculture.
Ergonomics aims to create safe, comfortable and productive workspaces by bringing human abilities and limitations into the design of a workspace, including the individual’s body size, strength, skill, speed, sensory abilities [vision, hearing], and even attitudes.
In the greater population: The number of people in Australia aged 75 and over is forecast to double over the next 50 years. With this, equipment, services and systems will need to be designed to accommodate the increasing needs of the ageing population, applying to public transport, building facilities, and living spaces.
How does Ergonomics work?
Ergonomics is a relatively new branch of science which celebrated its 50th anniversary in 1999, but relies on research carried out in many other older, established scientific areas, such as engineering, physiology and psychology.
To achieve best practice design, Ergonomists use the data and techniques of several disciplines:
- Anthropometry: body sizes, shapes; populations and variations
- Biomechanics: muscles, levers, forces, strength
- Environmental physics: noise, light, heat, cold, radiation, vibration body systems: hearing, vision, sensations
- Applied psychology: skill, learning, errors, differences
- Social psychology: groups, communication, learning, behaviours.
You may also be interested in the following topics:
- Fact or Fiction? The value of ergonomics.
- Ergonomics Assessments
- Ergonomics in Design
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The Ergonomics Center Of North Carolina – Workplace Design
An ergonomics solution deals with the design and layout of the workstation, tools, and equipment, and their interaction with the employee and the task. These workplace factors
represent what the worker is exposed to for the majority of the shift, therefore the application of good ergonomics principles aimed at reducing stressors is the key to success.
The process of ergonomics solution design presents an opportunity to optimize the ergonomic characteristics of the job. In order to do that, many variables must be evaluated to determine the ergonomics risk and solution parameters. Variables to consider include, but are not limited to:
- body position
- product parts
- tools
- controls & displays
- the finished product
- the overall production process
- environmental stressors like noise, temperature, and vibration
- height, reaches, and clearances
- force requirements
- repetition
- tasks performed
- materials handling
- materials storage
Tools that can be used to assist in the design process include anthropometrics and workplace arrangement using factor analysis [typically importance, frequency of use, function, sequence of use, etc.].