Which term below refers to the ability to suspend beliefs about something in order to argue in the abstract quizlet?
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Terms in this set (88)differences in the timing and rate of puberty among individuals growing up in the same general environment are largely caused by genetic factors what emotional characteristic makes an individual more likely to engage in risky behavior? sensation seeking which term below refers to individuals' ability to suspend their beliefs about something in order to argue in the abstract? hypothetical thinking Dave knows that kids who drink and drive sometimes get killed, but he believes that he is somehow immune to having such a terrible thing happen to him. Dave's belief is an example of: a personal fable which of the following is not a part of the feedback loop in the endocrine system? thyroid hormones Today, people go through ________ earlier than 100 years ago, but tend to stay in _______ longer. people go through puberty earlier a double shift in social status takes place during adolescence , with an increase in both ______ and _________ privileges and expectations is "Americanization" a positive and desirable experience for immigrant adolescents? no, Americanization appears to be associated with worse, not better, outcomes. Hormones play two very different roles in adolescence. _______ hormones program the brain to behave in certain ways, whereas _______ hormones are thought to stimulate development of the secondary sex characteristics. organizational hormones program the brain in certain ways activational hormones are thought to stimulate dev. of secondary sex characteristics endocrine system the system of the body that produces, circulates, and regulates hormones hormones highly specialized substances secreted by one or more endocrine glands glands organs that stimulate particular parts of the body to respond in specific ways to particular hormones gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons specialized neurons that are activated by certain pubertal hormones set point a physiological level or setting that the body attempts to maintain through a self-regulating system feedback loop A cycle through which two or more bodily functions respond to and regulate each other, such as that formed by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads. pituitary gland one of the chief glands responsible for regulating levels of hormones in the body Hypothalamus a part of the brain that controls the functioning of the pituitary gland gonads the glands that secrete sex hormones: in males, the testes; in females, the ovaries testes male gonads ovaries female gonads androgens A class of sex hormones secreted by the gonads, found in both sexes, but in higher levels among males than females following puberty. Estrogens a class of sex hormones secreted by the gonads, found in both sexes, but higher levels among males than females following puberty HPG (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad) axis a neurophysiological pathway that involves the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads adrenarche the maturation of the adrenal glands that takes place during adolescence cortisol a hormone produced when a person is exposed to stress Kisspeptin a brain chemical believed to trigger the onset of puberty Leptin a protein produced by the fat cells that may play a role in the onset of puberty through its impact on kisspeptin melatonin a hormone secreted by the brain that contributes to sleepiness and that triggers the onset of puberty through its impact on kisspeptin adolescent growth spurt a dramatic increase in height and weight that occurs during puberty peak height velocity the point at which the adol is growing most rapidly epiphysis the closing of the ends of the bones, which terminates growth after the adolescent growth spurt has been completed secondary sex characteristics development of breasts, Tanner stages a widely used system that describes the five stages of pubertal development menarche the first menstrual period Pheromones a class of chemicals secreted by animals that stimulate certain behaviors in other members of the species secular trend The tendency, over the past two centuries, for individuals to be larger in stature and to reach puberty earlier, primarily because of improvements in health and nutrition delayed phase preference a pattern of sleep characterized by later sleep and wake times, which usually emerges during puberty deductive reasoning a type of logical reasoning in which one draws logically necessary conclusions from a general set of premises, or givens Metacognition the process of thinking about thinking itself imaginary audience The belief, often brought on by the heightened self-consciousness of early adolescence, that everyone is watching and evaluating one's behavior. personal fable An adolescent's belief that he or she is unique and therefore not subject to the rules that govern other people's behavior. cognitive-developmental view a perspective on development, based on the work of Piaget, that takes a qualitative, stage-theory approach sensorimotor period In Piaget's theory, the period of cognitive development from birth to about 2 years, in which the child has not yet achieved object permanence. preoperational period the second stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, spanning roughly ages 2-5 concrete operations The third stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, spanning the period roughly between age 6 and early adolescence. formal operations the fourth stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, spanning the period from early adolescence through adulthood information processing perspective A perspective on cognition that derives from the study of artificial intelligence and attempts to explain cognitive development in terms of the growth of specific components of the thinking process (such as memory). synapse the gap in space between neurons, across which neurotransmitters carry electrical impulses between neurons plasticity the capacity of the brain to be affected by experience prefrontal cortex the region of the brain most important for sophisticated thinking abilities, such as planning, thinking ahead, weighing risks and rewards, and controlling impulses limbic system an area of the brain that plays an important role in the processing of emotional experience, social information, and reward and punishment zone of proximal development In Vygotsky's theory, the level of challenge that is still within the individual's reach but that forces an individual to develop more advanced skills. Scaffolding structuring a learning situation so that it is just within the reach of the student social cognition the aspect of cognition that concerns thinking about other people, about interpersonal relations, and about social institutions Mentalizing the ability to understand someone else's mental state theory of mind the ability to understand that others have beliefs, intentions, and knowledge that may be different from one's own behavioral decision theory an approach to understanding adolescent risk taking, in which behaviors are seen as the outcome of systematic decision-making processes sensation seeking the pursuit of experiences that are novel or exciting social redefinition the process through which an individual's position or status is redefined by society age of majority the designated age at which an individual is recognized as an adult child protectionists Individuals who argued, early in the 20th century, that adolescents needed to be kept out of the labor force in order to protect them from the hazards of the workplace. youth today: individuals ages 18-22 once referred to ages 12-24 status offense a violation of the law that pertains to minors but not adults cohort a group of individuals born during the same general historical era continuous transitions passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered into gradually discontinuous transitions passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered into abruptly collective efficiacy a community's social capital, derived from its members' common values and goals during adolescence, individuals' IQ scores _____, whereas their mental abilities _____ IQ scores remain stable their mental abilities increase G. Stanley Hall's Theory of Recapitulation Period of "storm and stress" Dual systems theories Stresses the simultaneous development of two different brain systems Freudian theory Psychosexual conflicts Eriksonian theory Stressed psychosocial conflicts rather than psychosexual Piagetian theory As children mature they pass through distinct stages of cognitive development Behaviorism BF Skinner - operant conditioning Social learning theory Albert Bandura
- more emphasis on processes of modeling and observational learning Adolescent marginality Lewin and Friedenberg Intergenerational conflict Mannheim and Coleman Adolescence as an invention The way in which we divide life cycle into stages is nothing more than a reflection of the political, economic, and social circumstances in
which we live Anthropological perspectives Benedict and Mead What has the adolescent period looked like historically? Unstable family systems What led to the recognition of adolescence as a unique developmental period? Technological advancements Sternberg's Triarchic Theory He argued that a thorough assessment of an individual's intellectual capabilities requires that we look at 3 distinct types of intelligence: Componential Intelligence Experiential
Intelligence "Creativity" Contextual Intelligence "Street Smart" This forces us to look at individuals who are not good test takers but who are creative or street smart as being intelligent as individuals who score high on IQ tests. Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences Stresses that there is more to being smart
than being "book smart", proposed that there are 7 types of intelligence: Look at someone as a whole package, should be considered intelligent in the area they excel. How can risk taking be reduced? Limit risk taking opportunities Public Policies Provide safe outlets (skate parks, paintball, places where they can get it out) What are the common features of social redefinition? Series of events Occurs in groups Separation from parents What is emerging adulthood? Developmental period between adolescence and entry into adulthood (18-25) Explore possible identities- figuring out who we are. (socially, academically, etc.) Unstable romantic relationships, employment, and living situations Focus on self and independence Feeling between adolescence and adulthood Sense of possibilities What are the inconsistencies in adolescents' legal status? Age at which activities are legal When "immaturity" (makes them less responsible for their criminal behavior) used to limit rights: Cigarettes/Alcohol, Censorship, Death penalty When "maturity" used to grant rights:
Student groups, Abortion/Contraceptives, Video games How do the clarity and continuity of social redefinition differ across cultures? Traditional Cultures Contemporary Society Other sets by this creatorExam 1 American Immigration48 terms cierra_m adol psych exam 3125 terms cierra_m adol psych exam 2106 terms cierra_m mythology final10 terms cierra_m Verified questionsPSYCHOLOGY What was LaPiere’s hypothesis? Verified answer PSYCHOLOGY Describe the process by which children learn to talk. Verified answer
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QUESTION Treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder could include a. antianxiety drugs. b. antidepressant drugs. c. lithium. d. a & b only. e. b & c only. Verified answer Recommended textbook solutionsSocial Psychology10th EditionElliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson 525 solutions Myers' Psychology for the AP Course3rd EditionC. Nathan DeWall, David G Myers 955 solutions A Concise Introduction to Logic13th EditionLori Watson, Patrick J. Hurley 1,967 solutions HDEV56th EditionSpencer A. Rathus 380 solutions Other Quizlet setsBio 412 Exam 1116 terms quizlette4042202 W1 Pre-Test25 terms kate_arthur8 Business Math: Ch.433 terms MeltonSydney15 UConn Comm4035 final21 terms Katharine_Wilson Related questionsQUESTION Are at risk for behavior problems such as substance abuse, crime, and delinquency? 5 answers QUESTION Suppose you teach preschool and you break Joe's candy bar into three pieces and Mike's candy bar into two pieces. Mike complains that he received less than Joe. What does Mike lack? 3 answers QUESTION Imagine U of A researchers are conducting an experiment where participants are asked to exercise vigorously and then complete an assessment of math aptitude. The participants in the researchers' experiment are MOST accurately categorized as the sample. 2 answers QUESTION What are the characteristics of anorexia and bulimia? 15 answers Which term below refers to the ability to suspend belief about something in order to argue in the abstract?Which term below allows individuals to suspend their beliefs about something in order to argue in the abstract? hypothetical thinking.
What refers to thinking about thinking through adolescence?metacognition: refers to “thinking about thinking” and it is relevant in social cognition and results in increased introspection, self-consciousness, and intellectualization during adolescence. middle school: a school for children in the grades between elementary school and high school.
Which of the following factors is most important in determining the onset of puberty quizlet?Which of the following factors is most important in determining the onset of puberty? Whether the individual is healthy enough to begin reproduction.
Which of the following is a theme that has emerged from research studies on social cognition?Which of the following is a theme that has emerged from research studies on social cognition during adolescence? With age, adolescents increasingly question which issues their parents and other authority figures have the right to regulate.
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