What did Hoyts research uncover regarding the highest social class district in a city?
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URBAN MORPHOLOGY * As cities have grown in area and population in the 20th century, many geographers have tried to identify and to explain variations in spatial patterns. Spatial patterns, which show differences and similarities in land use and/or social groupings within a city, reflect how various urban areas have evolved economically and culturally in response to changing conditions over a period of time. While each city has its own distinctive pattern, studies of other urban areas have shown that they also demonstrate similar patterns. Consequently, several models describing and explaining urban structure have been put forward. * The two urban models below are the typical structures of many towns and cities in MEDCs. Burgess Model; * This is a very simple urban model, based upon the American city of Chicago using the geographical theory that as the town or city grows, newer buildings are constructed further away from the CBD. ...read more. Central Business District; The CBD contains the major shops, offices and administration outlets; it is the centre of commerce, business and entertainment as well as being the focal point for transport routes. o 2. Factories/Industry; Industry developed in the UK in the nineteenth century, and factories were built around the CBD. Housing, often terraced in cramp and overcrowded conditions, was constructed for workers to live in and was situated close to the factories. o 3. Working Class Housing; Areas of low-class housing, occupied by those who moved away from Zone Two, due to developed transport links that allowed them to commute to the factories and industrial outlets (where they work). o 4. Middle Class Housing; Medium-class housing of higher quality, may include inter-war, semi-detached houses and council estates. ...read more. o The affluent could also afford the highest rates so therefore chose the 'best sites' - competition based upon the ability to pay solved many land use conflicts. o Land uses attracted similar land uses, thus concentrating a function in a particular area, this lead to the idea of sector development. * Hoyt suggested that the areas of highest value were concentrated along the main lines of communication, causing the city to develop in a series of wedges. Additionally, he claimed that once an area developed with a distinctive land use it tended to retain that function as the city grew outwards. * Many criticisms of the Hoyt Sector Model are similar to those of the Burgess Model, although it should be considered that the model was put forward before the redevelopment of inner-city areas and the rapid growth of the car-based suburb. ...read more. The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our AS and A Level Population & Settlement section. Found what you're looking for?
Studying changes of a major UK city - LondonUrban areas in the UK have experienced significant change. London faces many opportunities and challenges, including regeneration and urban sustainability. Geographers have put together models of land use to show how a 'typical' city is laid out. One of the most famous of these is the
Burgess or concentric zone model. This model is based on the idea that land values are highest in the centre of a town or city. This is because competition is high in the central parts of the settlement. This leads to high-rise, high-density buildings being found near the Central Business
District (CBD), with low-density, sparse developments on the edge of the town or city. However, London is better represented by the Hoyt model. This is based on the circles in the Burgess model, but adds sectors of similar land uses concentrated in parts of the city. Notice how some zones, eg the factory/industry zone, radiate
out from the CBD. This is usually following the line of a main road or a railway. In London, the River Thames became central to industry. Therefore, working class housing was developed along the river, moving eastwards from the CBD.
GCSE Subjects
What does the Hoyt sector model show?Hoyt's model suggests that people will live in the different sectors based on income levels. Since desirable land (near lakes, hills, places away from the smells of the factories) was more expensive, the elite class neighborhoods were built in zones separated from lower, working-class zones.
What is the Hoyt sector model based on?The Hoyt sector model is based on a CBD connected to a Factories/Industrial sector, a Low-Class (working class) Residential sector, and a Middle-Class Residential sector. There is also a High-Class Residential sector.
Who created the Hoyt sector model?Homer Hoyt developed his sector theory in 1934 at the age of 39. At the time, he was working for the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) in Washington, DC.
What is so significant about urban settlements at present?Over half of the global population now lives in urban areas. This means that urban settlements provide an essential function for many people; their homes. The increase in services provided by urban settlements has resulted in many more people moving to cities. This creates a demand for housing.
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