What is the distribution of water in the major fluid compartments of the body?
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Body water is mainly related to non fat body weight. So in lean people about 65% of the body weight is water and for fat people this is about 45%. In an average adult male total body water is about 60% and the corresponding figure for an adult female is 50%. Infants are more watery than adults. About 70% of an infants body weight is water. Show
As 1of water weighs 1, in a 70male the total body water would be The distribution of body water can be broken down into two main compartments which are divided by the cell membrane. These are the intracellular compartment (ICF ) and the extracellular compartment (ECF ). Aboutof the total body water is intracellular and the remainder extracellular. This equates to 40% of the total body weight as ICF and the remaining 20% as ECF . The ECF may be subdivided by the capillary endothelium into the intravascular space and the interstitial space. 5% of the total body weight is plasma and 15% interstitial fluid. One quarter of the ECF therefore is plasma, because ECF is 20% of the total body weight and 5 goes into 20 four times. Table 1: Breakdown of body water70MaleInfant% Body weightVolume% Body weightTotal body water60 %42 L70 %Extracellular fluid20 %14 L30 %Plasma5 %3.5 L5 %Interstitial fluid15 %10.5 L25 %Intracellular fluid40 %28 L40 % The normal values for body water in its various compartments are summarised in figure 1 and table 1. The difference in body water between infants (70% body weight) and adults (60% body weight) is in the main due to a higher amount of interstitial fluid in infants. Intracellular volume, and plasma volume per body weight are the same in infants and adults. When it comes to movement of fluid into and out of the body water most of the movement occurs via the extracellular fluid. Input may come via drinking and intravenous fluids and output via the lungs, skin, intestine and kidneys. Depending on sex, age and body fat, about 60–79% of the body weight is water (see Fig. 76.1). The distribution of water and electrolytes within the body is determined by fluid compartments (Figs. 76.1, 76.2). The body compartments can be divided into the intracellular and the extracellular space. The two compartments are separated by cell membranes. The extracellular space can be subdivided into several compartments, which are separated by cell layers. Most of the extracellular space is interstitial space. The endothelium separates the plasma volume, and epithelia separate the transcellular volume, from the interstitial fluid. The transcellular space comprises the lumina of glands, of urethrogenital and gastrointestinal tracts, pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, intraocular fluid and cerebrospinal fluid. Keywords
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Rights and permissionsReprints and Permissions Copyright information© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg About this chapterCite this chapterLang, F. (1996). The Body Compartments and Dynamics of Water and Electrolytes. In: Greger, R., Windhorst, U. (eds) Comprehensive Human Physiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60946-6_77 What is the distribution of water in the major fluid compartments of the body quizlet?Approximately, 35% (or 1/3) of total body water is in the extracellular fluid compartment,. Approximately, what percentage of total body water is in the extracellular fluid compartment? The answer is E. Approximately, 65% (or 2/3) of total body water is in the intracellular fluid compartment,.
How is water distributed in body fluids?Water can move freely across the membrane and is directed by the osmotic gradient between the two spaces. Changes in the intracellular fluid volume result from alterations in the osmolarity of the ECF but do not respond to isosmotic changes in extracellular volume.
What is the distribution of fluids in various compartments?The total body fluid is distributed mainly between two compartments: the extracellular fluid and the intracellu- lar fluid (Figure 25-1). The extracellular fluid is divided into the interstitial fluid and the blood plasma. There is another small compartment of fluid that is referred to as transcellular fluid.
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