A phenomenon central to humanistic theories of personality is that
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According to the lectures, what is the best way to correct the inherent unreliability of human observations? Show Choose one answer.
. . According to your reading by Revelle (1995), there are three dimensions on which to organize personality theories/research. Which of the following options is NOT a dimension described by Revelle? Choose one answer.
. . Assimilation and accommodation are two key concepts associated with which of the following phenomenon? Choose one answer.
. . Bipolar scales differ from unipolar scales in which of the following ways? Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. According to your readings, evolutionary personality psychologists ask the _______________ of personality, whereas studies addressing individual differences ask the _______________ of personality. Choose one answer.
. . Fill in the blank. The extent to which our measure captures what we want it to measure is called ________________. Choose one answer.
. . Fill in the blanks. ________________ is a subspecialty within the field of _______________ personality psychology, which seeks to address the covariance of traits with each other and with different parts of the environment. Choose one answer.
. . Henry Murray’s theory of personality focused on which major concept? Choose one answer.
. . In the image displayed below, we see the O’s as a line within the field of X’s. This demonstrates which of the following Gestalt laws of perception? OXXXXXXXXXX XOXXXXXXXXX XXOXXXXXXXX Choose one answer.
. . Split-half reliability refers to which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . The study of individual differences in personality psychology can best be captured by which statement? Choose one answer.
. . What do your readings cite as one of the main measurement issues and criticism to personality research? Choose one answer.
. . Which concept is defined by an organism’s interest in their environment? Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following corollaries, explicated by George Kelly regarding social interaction, dictates how we interact with people with whom we have very little in common? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement best captures Eyseneck’s theory of creativity? Choose one answer.
. . Which two systems represent the engine and breaking systems of human behavior (i.e., the neural correlates of the approach and avoidance systems in the brain)? Choose one answer.
. . Which personality researcher launched a critique of broad personality traits as units of analysis for personality and pointed out the importance of the “situation”? Choose one answer.
. . A mother punishes her son for receiving a B in advanced calculus. Carl Rogers might see this as an expression of which of the following phenomena? Choose one answer.
. . According to Ericson, which stage of psychosocial development presents the challenge of generatively versus self-absorption? Choose one answer.
. . According to Freud, which level of awareness encompasses experiences which can be summoned into awareness with relative ease? Choose one answer.
. . According to Jung, as we grow older we become more comfortable with our different facets (the “good” and “bad”). This state is referred to as which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . Alfred Adler was most concerned with which of the following concepts? Choose one answer.
. . An individual is shopping and sees a jacket that he would like to purchase but cannot afford. According to Freud, which component of the personality prevents the individual from acting on the impulse to steal the jacket? Choose one answer.
. . Betty’s colleges would describe her as uptight and rigid, often unwilling to make even small adjustments in her schedule. At which stage would Freud say she was fixated? Choose one answer.
. . Carl Rogers defined “neurosis” as which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. The Rorschach Inkblot Test is a(n) _________________ measure of personality stemming from the _________________ tradition. Choose one answer.
. . How are Maslow’s and Rogers’ theories similar? Choose one answer.
. . In the MMPI, which scale helps test scorers to determine if the individual is making unsophisticated attempts to present themselves in a dishonest manner? Choose one answer.
. . When a client gets angry at his therapist for being 2 minutes late to a session, he states that the therapist is “always inconsiderate – just like my father!” This most closely matches which type of therapeutic phenomena? Choose one answer.
. . Which definition best characterizes the notion of “deficit needs” in Maslow’s theory on the Hierarchy of Needs? Choose one answer.
. . Which personality theorist is most concerned with the “perceptual field of the individual?” Choose one answer.
. . Which psychodynamic theorist thought of neurosis as interpersonal control and coping—a way to make life bearable? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement is true of displacement, a defense mechanism posited by the psychoanalytic theory of personality? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement about theories of personality is false? Choose one answer.
. . According to Ellis, which of the following is NOT one the typical thinking errors that we employ? Choose one answer.
. . According to Kelly, when we associate the word animals with plants, we are using which corollary to dictate our thinking? Choose one answer.
. . Albert Ellis believed that just being alive provides you with value. This notion is tied to which of the following concepts? Choose one answer.
. . Albert Ellis might rely heavily on what type of role as a therapist? Choose one answer.
. . Although George Kelly is sometimes thought of as a humanist, his theory differed from other humanists in which way? Choose one answer.
. . Behavior followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus will have what affect on the behavior in the future? Choose one answer.
. . Fill in the blank. According to Kelly, people maintain their identity and existence through the use of ________________ constructs. Choose one answer.
. . George Kelly’s personal construct theory maintains that individual’s highest endeavor is to do which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy refers to the “ABC’s.” What does this acronym stand for? Choose one answer.
. . Systematic desensitization is most closely associated with which term? Choose one answer.
. . What is the main task of a rational emotive therapist? Choose one answer.
. . What method of behavioral therapy is still used in hospitals today and entails the explicit positive reinforcement of following rules? Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following schedules of reinforcement leads to behavior which is the most difficult to extinguish? Choose one answer.
. . Which personality theorist and psychologists saw individuals as scientists—testing, revising, and expanding our theories about the world, ourselves, and others? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement best characterizes the central goal of George Kelly’s Fixed Role Therapy? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement provides evidence that George Kelly was a constructivist by nature? Choose one answer.
. . Sarah, your client, says to you “I can’t help feeling horrible when Sally is mean to me.” Which irrational belief might a rational emotive therapist most likely challenge? Choose one answer.
. . Darrell is conscientious and internally motivated to achieve academic excellence. He has a small group of friends and prefers to work individually, as opposed to in a team. According to Henry Murray, Darrell would be best characterized as which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . How was the Five-Factor Model of Personality (the “Big Five”) developed? Choose one answer.
. . In recent years, Big Five personality researchers/theorists have paid closer attention to the causality or the mechanisms underlying behavior. Which statement best characterizes the Big Five theorists historical objection to studying mechanism underlying behavior? Choose one answer.
. . In regards to personality similarities between couples, the study you read made which of the following tentative conclusions? Choose one answer.
. . Levenson’s study titled “Birds of a Feather Don’t Always Fly Farthest,” uniquely contributed to the research literature of personality psychology in which way? Choose one answer.
. . Nina is cheerful and optimistic, pleasant to be with, and comfortable with her work. Hans Eysenck would describe her as having which type of temperament? Choose one answer.
. . Raymond Cattell championed which type of methodology, used frequently in trait research? Choose one answer.
. . There has been considerable cross-cultural research on the five factor structure of personality. Which statement best characterizes the conclusions drawn from this research? Choose one answer.
. . What is one broader conclusion that might be suggested by the research on the relationship between personality and leadership preference? Choose one answer.
. . What is the finding on the relationship between personality and leadership preferences? Choose one answer.
. . What is the most consistent finding to emerge from the research on marital outcomes and personality? Choose one answer.
. . What type of data did Levenson’s “Birds of a Feather Don’t Always Fly Farthest” study use? Choose one answer.
. . Which model of personality is based on the fundamental principles and goals of Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Model? Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following best defines the term functionally autonomous, established by the famous personality psychologist Gordon Allaport? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement BEST characterizes the five factor structure of personality? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement represents a frequent objection to the Big Five measure/theory of personality? Choose one answer.
. . What makes the trait approach to understanding personality different from the other theories? Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. From an evolutionary-adaptive perspective, the trait of “sensation seeking” might have provided an organism with _______________ access to obtain food and mates and has been linked with _______________, a big five factor personality trait. Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. Traits may often come with positive and negative manifestations. _______________ is considered a positive impulse trait, while _______________ is considered a negative impulse trait. Choose one answer.
. . Evolutionary psychologists might liken our brain to which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . Fill in the blank. According to evolutionary personality psychologists Tooby and Cosmides, ________________ have evolved to solve adaptive problems that humans have faced in their evolutionary history. Choose one answer.
. . Fill in the blank. An alternative to the theory of G is the Theory of ______________, which speaks to the potential that this unified trait is best conceptualized as a series of “smaller” traits. Choose one answer.
. . Fill in the blank. One conclusion derived in part from research conducted within the evolutionary perspective of personality, has found that individuals higher in _______________ show greater reactivity to sensory stimulation as compared to their counterparts. Choose one answer.
. . From an evolutionary perspective, which option represents the general conclusions drawn from the nature versus nurture debate? Choose one answer.
. . Roughly what percent of the observed variance (or difference) in personality traits can be accounted for by genetic differences among individuals? Choose one answer.
. . Some behavioral geneticists and psychologists believe that ADHD might be better captured as a type of trait rather than a categorical disorder. What evidence best supports this assertion? Choose one answer.
. . The saying that a weed is merely a plan out of place captures which of the following concepts? Choose one answer.
. . What is the primary difference between the foci of evolutionary psychology and behavioral genetics? Choose one answer.
. . Which approach entails the examination of niche-differentiated mental abilities within a particular species? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement best captures the central view of evolutionary psychologists, which radically differs from the research/theory historically driven from other disciplines of psychology? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement describes the current thinking in the biological perspective on individual differences in personality? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement regarding the principles of evolutionary psychology is true? Choose one answer.
. . “Consciousness is just the tip of the iceberg; most of what goes on in your mind is hidden from you” (Cosmides & Tooby, 1997). Which two perspectives in the field of personality psychology would most readily agree with this statement? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement represents a common misunderstanding of the biological approach in the study of personality? Choose one answer.
. . As compared to their younger counterparts, older adults are better at which of the following emotion regulation strategies? Choose one answer.
. . As married couples age, their emotion regulation as a couple tends to do which of the following? Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blank. The ______________ system shows an increase in activity following emotional suppression. Choose one answer.
. . Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. Johnny feels very confident about his ability to do math, whereas Jing does not feel confident, which contributes to their ability to perform well on a math test. This example highlights a main tenant of _____________ theory, which places a primary importance on ______________ beliefs. Choose one answer.
. . Fill in the blank. Sally’s friend Jamal jumps out at her from a dark alley to play a joke. Sally’s _____________ is likely activated, helping to get her body prepared for fight or flight. Choose one answer.
. . Fill in the blanks. A child participates in an aggressive recreational activity. ______________ would hypothesize that this would enable the child to “release” pent up aggression; alternatively, ______________ would hypothesize that participation in this activity would enhance aggressive response tendencies. Choose one answer.
. . Research suggests that those who chronically inhibit or suppress their emotions are more prone to which of the following outcomes, as compared to those who less readily engage in emotional suppression? Choose one answer.
. . What theory helps to explain a) the differences in emotion regulation strategies in older adults and b) the increase in older couple’s marriage satisfaction? Choose one answer.
. . What was the main finding on Gross and Levenson’s (1993) article on emotional suppression? Choose one answer.
. . Which of the following is an important aspect of our emotional response system that allows us to react quickly to events? Choose one answer.
. . Which option represents one of the six core basic human emotions? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement best characterizes the difference between emotions and feelings? Choose one answer.
. . Which statement regarding the findings on the set-point for happiness is false? Choose one answer.
. . Which type of beliefs stand at the core of social cognitive theory? Choose one answer.
. . The bobo doll experiments highlighted which principle or form of learning? Choose one answer.
. . What is humanistic theory of personality?The Humanistic Theory of Personality states that people are intrinsically good, with an innate drive to make themselves better. The Humanistic theory is built on the premise of a person's self-concept, consisting of their real self and their ideal self.
What do humanistic personality theories focus on?They focus on the ability of human beings to think consciously and rationally, to control their biological urges, and to achieve their full potential. In the humanistic view, people are responsible for their lives and actions and have the freedom and will to change their attitudes and behavior.
What are the three main theories of personality?Here are three leading theories of personality, their implications, and their applications in everyday life.. Freud's Theory. ... . Eysenck's Personality Theory. ... . Cattell's 16PF Trait Theory.. What are the main personality theories?Psychoanalytic, humanistic, trait perspective and behaviorist theory are the four main personality theories.
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