Hỏi Đáp Là ai

Georgia brown là ai

Giới thiệu về cuốn sách này

Page 2

Black, W.D., 37. Boss, W., 49.

Brentzel, W. E., 72. Black, W. L., 93.

Boswell, V. R., 41. Bressler, R. G., 82. Blacklock, R. W., 15. Botkin, C, W., 64. Bressman, E. N., 80. Blackman, C. L., 73. Botsford, R. C., 13. Brew, J. D., 65. Blackmon, G. H., 15. Bouquet, A. G. B., 81, Brewbaker, H. E., 48.

Blackmore, B., 67. Bourne, A. I., 43.

Brewer, P. H., 24. Blackshear, L. E., 17. Bourne, R. F., 11.

Brewer, S. L., 67. Blain, W. L., 1.

Bouyoucos, G. J., 47. Brewster, C. M., 98. Blair, A. W., 62, 63. Bowden, R. B., 56. Brewster, J. F., 38. Blair, E. C., 70. Bowen, I. G., 60.

Bridgford, R. O., 51. Blair, G. B., 59.

Bowen, J. V., 52.

Brierley, W. G., 50. Blair, J. C., 24.

Bowers, B. B., 74. Briggs, D, R., 48. Blair, L. A., 93.

Bowers, F. A., 19. Briggs, F. N., 6. Blake, M. A., 62, 63. Bowers, M. D., 41. Briggs, G. M., 101, 103. Blakeslee, C., 51.

Bowles, P. S., 53. Briggs, I. A., 4. Blandford, J. B., 41. Bowman, A. E., 104. Briggs, M.. 54. Blasingame, R. U., 83. Bowman, Mrs. C. B., 104. Brigham, B. L., 20. Blauser, I. P., 23. Boyce, E. F., 95.

Brigham, L. E., 80. Blazier, F. E., 80. Boyce, S. L., 63

Brimley, C. S., 71.
Bledsoe, R. P., 17. Boyd, A. E., 83.

Brink, R. A., 103.
Bleecker, W. L., 5. Boyd, G. W., 105. Briscoe, C. F., 51. Biinks, Mrs. R. D., 30. Boyd, T. D., 37.

Briscoe, J. M., 40. Blinn, P. K., 11. Boyd, W. L., 51.

Brisley, M., 55.
Blish, M. J., 57.

Boyden, A. A., 62. Brison, F. R., 93. Bliss, H. H., 60. Boyle, J. E., 65.

Britt, H., 16.
Bliss, R. K., 27.

Boynton, W. H., 9. Britton, W. E., 13.
Blizzard, W. L., 77. Boys, Mrs. J. A., 67. Broach, W. E., 17. Blodgett, F. M., 68. Bracken, A. F., 95. Brock, J. H., 22. Blodgett, M. C., 10. Bracken, J. R., 84. Brock, W. S., 24. Blood, H. L., 94.

Brackett, E. E., 57. Brockman, H., 78. Bloodgood, D. W., 64. Brackett, R. N., 86. Brodie, A., 19. Blount, R. F., 4.

Bradbury, D., 103. Brody, S., 53.
Bloye, A. I., 26. Bradfield, R., 55.

Brokaw, W. H., 57.
Bluford, F. D., 72. Bradford, F. C., 47. Brooke, R. O., 92.
Blundell, A. E., 96. Bradford, H. E., 57. Brookins, F. A., 67. Blundell, S., 80.

Bradford, W., 17.

Brooks, A. N., 15. Boardman, H. S., II, 39. Bradlee, T., 95.

Brooks, C. P., 96. Bode, I. T., 31.

Bradley, J. C., 66. Brooks, E. C., 70.
Bodman, G. B., 51. Bradley, L. A., 44. Brooks, F. D., 27. Boehr, J. W., 78.

Braman, W. W., 84, Brooks, F. G., 14. Bogart, M. T., 83. Branaman, G. A., 44. Brooks, F. M., 23.

Boggs, H. M., 5.

Branch, F. H., 43. Brooks, H. J., 33, Boggs, I. B., 100. Brand, M. E., 16.

Brooks, S. C., 62. Boggs, L. C., 4.

Brandmeyer, J. D., 73. Brooks, S. D., 53. Bohannan, C. D., 64. Brandt, I. L., 30,

Broome, F. H., 90. Bohstedt, G., 76.

Brandt, Mrs. L. M., 30. Broughton, L. B., 41.
Bolender, E. O., 74. Brandt, P, M., 80. Brouse, E. M., 58.
Bollen, W. B., 20. Branegan, G, A., 56. Browder, M., 90. Bolley, H. L., 72.

Branegan, E T., 51. Brown, A., 77.
Bollinger, C, D., 71. Brann, J. W., 103. Brown, Mrs. A. P., 94.
Bomberger, F. B., 41. Brannen, C. O., 5. Brown, B. A., 12. Bond, J. A., 37.

Brannon, C. H., 71. Brown, B. F., 70.
Bond, M. C., 65. Brannon, J. M., 22. Brown, C. A. [III.], 22.
Bond, Mrs. R. C., 37. Branson, E. B., 54. Brown, C.A. [La.], 38. Bonde, R., 40. Brant, H. J., 102.

Brown, C. L., 59. Bonell, J. A., 88.

Bratley, H. E., 15. Brown, Carlotta M., 50. Bonnen, C. A., 88

Brautlecht, L, M., 13. Brown. Clara M., 50.
Bonslagel, C. J., 5. Bray, C. I., 10.

Brown, C. 0., 16.
Boomer, G. R., 57. Bray, Mrs. J. L., 2. Brown, E. E., 55. Bopst, L. E., 41. Bray, R. H., 21.

Brown, E. S., 89.
Borgeson, R. W., 28. Brayton, H. R., 92. Brown, F. E., 28.
Borland, A. A., 82. Breazeale, J. F., 4 Brown, F. J., 49.
Borman, E. K., 37. Breckenridge, M., 23. Brown, F. L., 78. Borst, H. L., 74. Breed, R. S., 69.

Brown, G. A., 44.
Borthwick, H. A., 7. Brehm, C, E., 90.

Brown, G. G., 81. Bosard, H. J., 26.

Breithaupt, L. R., 80. Brown, G. L., 88. Boss, A., 48. Brekke, J. E., 46.

Brown, H. B., 38.

Brown, H, D., 26.
Brown, H. I., 30.
Brown, H. L., 15.
Brown, H. M., 46.
Brown, J. B., 7.
Brown, J. G., 4.
Brown, L., 52.
Brown, L. A., 37.
Brown, Mrs. L. S., 30.
Brown, M. [N. H.], 59.
Brown, M. [Pa.], 83.
Brown, M-E., 58.
Brown, M. G., 40.
Brown, Mrs. M. M., 91,
Brown, M. O., 23.
Brown, M. W., 35.
Brown, O., 2.
Brown, P. E., 30.
Brown, P. T., 24.
Brown, S. M., 7.
Brown, W.J., 78,
Brown, W. L., 17.
Brown, W. S., 81.
Browne, T. E., 71. Brownell, S. J., 82. Brownell, W. A., 66. Brownfield, W.W., 74, Browning, H. W., 85. Broyles, W. A., 83. Brubaker, H. W., 33. Bruce, Mrs. M., 59. Bruce, 0. C., 42. Brumfield, M., 63.

Brumley, 0. V., 75.

Brundage, A. J., 12. Brunner, J.J., 29. Brunson, A. M., 32. Bryan, A. B., 86. Bryan, E. H., jr., 18. Bryan, K. V., 25. Bryan, L. W., 19. Bryan, 0. C., 14. Bryan, R., 19. Bryan, W. E., 4. Bryant, T. R., 36. Bryden, C. T., 99. Bryson, H. R., 34. Buchanan, D. S., 91. Buchanan, F. A., 96. Buchanan, J. H., 28. Buchanan, R. E., 28. Buchanan, W. D., 99. Buckley, D. S., 12. Buckley, M. R., 90. Buckman, H. O., 64. Buckman, T. E., 59. Bucknam, R. F., 65. Buckner, G. D., 36. Buehrer, T. F., 4 Buell, J., 45. Bulger, R. O., 89. Bull, Mrs. H., 67. Bull, I. F., 66. Bull, M. L., 50. Bull, S., 22. Bullard, J. F., 36. Bullard, Mrs, P. R., 37.

Page 3

Cunningham, 0. C., 64. Davis, E. G., 68.

Denny, J.A., 6. Cunningham, w. S., 4. Davis, E. M., 101. Denson, W. P., 38.

Cureton, M. I., 2. Davis, F., 7.

Dent, D. S., 93.
Curie, I. H., 76. Davis, G., 79.

Dent, J.G., 49. Currin, R. E., 87. Davis, G. C., 16.

de Ong, E. R., 8. Currin, R. E., jr., 71. Davis, G. E., 32.

DePew, H. F., 60.
Curry, A, S., 64. Davis, H. L., 80.

Derbigny, I. A., 98.
Curry, Mrs. J. G., 64. Davis, H. P., 57.

de Regt, A. C., 61. Curtis, A. W., 101. Davis, I. G., 12.

Derieux, J. B., 71. Curtis, H. E., 37. Davis, I. P., 87.

De Rose, H. R, 33. Curtis, O. F., 65. Davis, J. J., 26.

Derrick, J. W., 18.
Curtis, P. B., 27. Davis, J. W., 101.

Derrick, W. W., 57.
Curtis, R. S., 70. Davis, L. E., 19.

Detjen, L. R., 14. Curtis, R. W., 68. Davis, L. V., 16.

Detmers, F., 76. Curtis, W. C., 55. Davis, M. C., 80. De Turk, E. E., 21,

Curtiss, C.F., 27. Davis, Mrs., M. M., 97. DeVaughn, C., 87.

Cushman, E., 67. Davis, P. O., 1.

DeVault, S. H., 41. Cushman, H. E., 55. Davis, R., 105.

Deverill, H., 19. Cutler, F. M., 43. Davis, R. L., 85.

Dexter, A.J., 88. Cutler, G. H., 24. Davis, R. N., 4.

Dexter, J., 56. Cutler, J. S., 76.

Davis, W., 52.

Dey, M., 37.
Cutler, M. P., 67.
Davis, W. A., 70.

DeYoung, W., 55. Cutler, N. L., 66. Davis. W. E., 33.

deZeeuw, R., 44. Cutler, W. L., 43. Davis, W. H., 42. Diaz, M. R., 84.

Cutright, C. R., 77. Davis, W.J., 18.

Dibble, C. B., 45. Davison, E., 30.

Dibble, L., 61.
Daane, A., 77.

Dawson, 0, L., 88. Dice, J. R., 72. Daane, M., 50 Day, A. M., 105.

Dickens, A., 35. Dadisman, A. J., 100. Day, F. D., 41.

Dickens, K. L., 25. Dadisman, S. H., 104. Day, L. H., 9.

Dickerson, H. G., 93.
Dahl, A. von B., 18. Day, 0. A., 27.

Dickey, J. A., 5. Dahl, H. E., 84.

Dayton, R. B., 69. Dickey, J.B. R., 82,
Dahlberg, A. C., 69. Dean, A. L. [Hawaii], Dickins, D., 52. Dahle, C. D., 82.

18, 19.

Dickinson, L. S., 43. Dailey, A., 20.

Dean, A. L. [Va.], 96. Dickinson, S., 54.
Dakan, E. L., 75. Dean, F. W., 75, 77. Dickson, J. G., 103. Dakin, M. E.,

12. Dean, G. A., 34.

Dickson, R. E., 93. Dalbey, N. E., 33. Dean, H. K., 81.

Dickson, W. F., 4. Dale, H. C., 20. Dean, J.M., 52.

Didlake, M. LeG., 36. Dale, J. O., 18.

Dean, L, W., 95.

Diehm, R. A., 62. Damon, S. C., 85. Dearing, C., 71.

Dietrich, K. S., 50. Dana, B. F., 99.

Dearing, E. L., 32. Dietrick, L. B., 97. Dancy, C. E., 94. Dearstyne, R. S., 71, Dike, C, E., 76. Danforth, S. T., 84. Deatherage, J, R., 86. Dillingham, F. T., 18. Daniel, D. M., 69. Deatrick, E.P., 101. Dillon, Mrs. N. B., 93. Daniels, H. E., 87. DeBaun, R. W., 61, 62. Dills, L. E., 100. Darlington, H. T., 44. DeBusk, E. F., 15. Dimock, W.W., 36. Darlow, A. E., 78. DeCamp, J.C., 46. Dinwiddie, M. D., 97. Darnell, A. L., 91. Decker, G., 32.

Dippold, G. J., 54. Daron, G. H., 105. Decker, J.L., 8.

Dirks, C.O., 26. Darrow, W. H. [Conn.], Decker, M., 63.

Dixon, A. A., 71. 13. Decker, S. W., 24.

Dixon, B., 11. Darrow, W. H. [Tex.], Deeley, M. E., 34. Doak, C. C., 91. 93.

Deering, A. L., 40. Doan, F.J., 82. Darst, W, H., 70.

DeForest, F. R., 92. Dobbs, E. C., 3. Davenport, R. L., 38. Degener, O., 18.

Dobbs, E.M., 9.
Davidson, A. P., 34. DeGroft, G. M., 77.

Dobbs, J.S., 34.
Davidson, J. A., 47. Delez, A. L., 47.

Dodd, D. R., 100. Davidson, J. B., 29. DeLong, D. M., 75. Dodge, B. F., 103. Davies, E. S., 43. DeLong, G., 73.

Dodge, R. E., 13. Davis, A. R., 6.

Delwiche, E.J., 101, 104. Dodson, E.M., 8. Davis, C. D., 32.

Demeritt, D. B., 38. Dodson, J. P., 37. Davis, C. N., 54.

Deming, G. W., 10. Dodson, W.R., II, 37, 39. Davis, D. E., 9.

Dempsey, P. W., 44. Doermann, M.C., 61. Davis, E., 66.

Denison, F. C., 19. Doggett, M. V., 87. Davis, E. C., 39.

Denison, H.L., 19. Dole, E. J., 95. Davis, E. E., 78.

Dennis, W.V.,

Dolve, M.A., 89.

Dominguez, F. A. Lopez,

85. Donald, J. S., 102. Donbam, C. R., 81. Donma, K. W. G., 3.

Donnelly, A, M., 75.

Donovan, R. L., 48. Doppel, A. A., 12. Doran, E. B., 38. Doran, W. L., 42. Dorchester, C, S., 30. Dore, W. H., 6. Dorner, H. B., 24. Dorsey, E., 68. Dorsey, H., 12. Dorsey, L. M., 39.

Dorsey, M.J., 24.

Dosdall, L., 50. Dossin, C. O., 13. Doten, S. B., 59. Doty, R. E., 19. Dougherty, J. E., 9. Douglas, R. A., 58. Douglass, E., 10. Dove, W. F., 39. Dow, B. K., 13.

Dowdle, L, P., 17.

Dowdy, G., 74.

Dowdy, W. V., 17.

Dowell, A. A., 48.

Dowell, C.T., 77.

Dowell, S., II, 1. Dowler, J. F., 74, 76. Down, E. E., 46.

Downey, U.J., 73.

Downing, P., 40.

Downs, P. A., 57.

Doyle, E., 98.

Doyle, L. P., 27.

Dozier, Mrs. C. C., 94. Dozier, H. L., 14. Dozier, M.L., 83. Drain, B. D., 43. Drain, H. D., 74. Drake, C. J., 32. Dreesen, W. H., 80. Dreibelbis, F. R., 76. Dressel, K., 46. Driftmier, R. H., 34. Driggers, B, F., 63. Drinkard, A. W., jr., 96 Drollinger, P. H., 30. DuBord, E. D., 46. Dubos, R. J., 62. Dudley, V., 3. Duffee, F. W., 102. Duggar, J. F., 2. Dukes, H. H., 32. Duley, F. L., 32. Dumas, I. L., 91. Dummeier, E. F., Dunbar, B. A., 88. Duncan, H. R., 89. Duncan, J. R., 46. Duncan, L. N., II, 1. Dunford, C. S., 45. Dungan, G. H., 21.

Page 4

Jardine, J. T., II, 79. Johnson, T. C., 97. Joseph, W. E., 55. Kendrick, J. B., 25. Jarnagin, M. P., 16. Johnson, T. W., 73. Josephson, H. B., 83. Kendrick, M. S., 65.

Jason, W. B., 55.

Johnson, W. T., 81. Journey, R. C., 70. Kendrick, Mrs. N. C., Jasper, J. J., 45. Johnston, A. D., 49. Juaire, M., 103.

67. Jefferies, J. H., 16. Jobnston, C. 0., 33. Judd, A. R., 82.

Kendrick, W. H., 106. Jeffers, D. S., 31. Johnston, E. S., 42. Judge, T., 58.

Kenestrick, H., 74. Jefferson, L. P., 43. Johnston, H., 2.

Julian, P. L., 101. Kennard, D. C., 76. Jeffords, S. L., 86. Johnston, P. E., 23. Jungherr, E., 56.

Kennedy, A. C., 74. Jeffrey, A, A., 53. Johnston, R. E., 88. Justin, M. M. [Ind.], 27. Kennedy, C., 48. Jeffries, C. D., 84. Johnston, S., 48.

Justin, M. M. [Kans.], Kennedy, C. H., 76. Jehle, R. A., 41. Johnston, T. R., 26.

II, 34,

Kennedy, G. D., 25. Jenkins, E. G., 41. Jolly, J. H., 38.

Kennedy, P. B., 6. Jenkins, E. H., 13.

Jones, A.,
75. Kable, G. W., 80.

Kenner, N. L., 87. Jenkins, E. W., 96. Jones, A. D.,

70.

Kadderly, W. L., 80. Kenney, F. C., 44. Jenkins, J. M., 39. Jones, Mrs. A. H., 31. Kalkus, J. W., 99, 100. Kenney, H. F., 31. Jenkins, M. E., 4. Jones, B. C., 92.

Kammlade, W. G., 22. Kenney, R., 36. Jenks, F. B., 95. Jones, B. M., 90. Kant, E., 84.

Kent, H. L., 63. Jennings, B. A., 66. Jones, C. H., 95.

Karper, R. E., 91. Kenworthy, R. W., 8.. Jennings, D. S., 94. Jones, C. P., 42.

Karraker, P. E., 35. Kern, F. D., 82. Jennison, H, M., 89. Jones, C. R. [W. Va.], Kassell, R., 31.

Kern, 0. J., 7.
Jensen, C., 72.

II.

Kauffman, H. H., 84. Kernkamp, H. C.H., 51. Jensen, F. W., 92. Jones, C. R. [Colo.], 11. Kauffman, L. A., 73. Kerr, A. P., 38. Jensen, H. J., 100. Jones, D, C., 79. Kaupp, B. F., 7 71.

Kerr, W. J., 79. Jensen, I. J., 56. Jones, D. F., 13. Kay, H. B., 80.

Kessler, N. A., 45. Jensen, K., 20. Jones, D. L., 93. Kays, D. J., 73.

Ketchin, J., 86. Jensen, W. C., 86. Jones, E., 75.

Keaney, F. W., 85. Ketchum, M. S., II. Jerdan, A. L., 90. Jones, E. B., 55.

Kedzie, R. H., 38. Kettunen, A. G., 46. Jernigan, W. J., 5. Jones, E. H., 73.

Keegan, L. A., 85, Kewley, A., 94. Jesness, O. B., 37. Jones, E. R., 102.

Keegan, W.J., 86. Keyes, W. B., 12. Jeter, F. H., 70. Jones, F. D. L., 90. Keen, R. C., 38.

Kezer, A., 10. Jewett, H. H., 36. Jones, F. R., 92. Keene, P. L., 89.

Kiah, T. H., 42. Joffe, J. S., 62. Jones, H. A., 8.

Keener, R. L., 17. Kick, C. H., 22. Johannsen, 0. A., 66. Jones, H. D., 1.

Keever, A. I., 50.

Kidder, W., 10. Johnakin, M., 87. Jones, H. M., 88. Keffer, C. A., 89.

Kiesselbach, T. A., 57. Johnson, A. B., 20. Jones, H. W., 90. Keilholz, F. J.,

Kiethline, M., 89. Johnson, Mrs. A. E., 93. Jones, I. R., 80.

Keim, F. D., 57.

Kildee, H. H., 27. Johnson, A. G., 80. Jones, J. C., 67. Keim, J. F., 83.

Kilgore, Mrs. D. H., 31. Johnson, A. H., 56. Jones, J. M., 91. Keiser, L. A., 80.

Killiam, A., 41. Johnson, Mrs. B. M., 53. Jones, J. P., 42. Keith, E. B., 33.

Killough, D. T., 91. Johnson, C. C., 99. Jones, J. S., 79.

Keith, M. H., 22. Kilpatrick, C., 78. Johnson, C. G. H., 10. Jones, J. W., 7. Keith, R., 17.

Kilpatrick, E. J., 36. Johnson, D. R., 30. Jones, K., 103.

Keitt, G. W., 103. Kilpatrick, S. L., 17. Johnson, E. [Ark.], 5. Jones, K. D., 9.

Kelbert, D. G, A., 15. Kimball, L., 67. Johnson, E. [Iowa], 30.

Jones, L. G., 91.

Kelk, 0. M., 41.

Kimball, R. H.,

60. Johnson, E. C. [Ky.], 37. Jones, L. H., 42.

Kell, W. V., 26.

Kimbrough, W. D., 2.
Johnson, E.C. [W. Va.],

L, K., 69. Kellar, V. M., 41.

Kime, P. H., 70. 98. Jones, L. R., 103.

Kelleher, R. C., 23. Kimrey, A. C., 70. Johnson, E. H., 92 Jones, M. D., 40. Keller, A. R., 18.

King, A. C., 64. Johnson, E. M., 35. Jones, M. L., 28. Keller, H., jr.,

King, B. M., 54.
Johnson, E. P., 47. Jones, M. M., 54.

Keller, L, L., 90.

King, C., 39. Johnson, G. E., 35. Jones, M. P., 76. Kelley, A. P., 61.

King, C, M., 28. Johnson, H. E., 47. Jones, Mrs. M. W., 2. Kelley, J. B., 36.

King, E. E., 31. Johnson, Mrs. H. F., 87. Jones, Mrs. N. K., 103.

Kelley, J. G., 16.

King, F., 22. Johnson, H. S., 52. Jones, P. D., 82.

Kelley, V. W., 24. King, F. G., 24. Johnson, J. [Del.], 14. Jones, R. B., 3. Kelley, W. P., 7.

King, H. H., 33. Johnson, J. [Wis.], 103. Jones, R. C., 98.

Kellogg, C. E., 16. King, R. H., 19.
Johnson, L., 8.

Jones, R. E., 13. Kelly, A., 34.

Kinghorn, I. G., 10. Johnson, M. E., 5. Jones, R. L., 28.

Kelly, E. G. [Del.], 14. Kingman, H. E., 11. Johnson, M. 0., 31.

Jones, R. W. [Ga.], 17. Kelly, E. G. [Kans.], 34. Kingsley, F. C., 23. Johnson, M. S., 49. Jones, R. W. [Ky.], 37. Kelly, J. P., 82.

Kinley, D., 21. Johnson, N. W., 99. Jones, S. C., 35. Kelly, W. A., 47.

Kinney, E. J., 36. Johnson, 0. N., 104.

Jordan, A. O., 52. Kelsheimer, E. G., 77. Kinney, L. F., jr., 86. Johnson, 0. R., 53. Jordan, E. L., 38. Kelty, R. H., 45.

Kinnison, A. F., 4. Johnson, R. E., 12. Jordan, H. V., 63. Kemp, W. B., 40.

Kinsella, J. C., 27. Johnson, R. F., 20. Jordan, P. S., 51.

Kempster, H. L., 54. Kipps, M. S., 96. Johnson, S. A., 10, 11. Jordan, R., 26. Kendall, F., 50.

Kirby, R. S., 82. Johnson, S. E., 56.

Jordan, W. E., 70. Kendall, J. C., II, 59. Kirby, S. J., 70.

Page 5

Lloyd, W. E., 9. Lutrell, E., 4.

McCurdy, J. C., 66. McLean, J. E., 87. Locke, R. B., 29.

Lux, E., 57.

McDaniel, E. I., 45. McLendon, W.F., 17. Lockert, A., 91.

Lyford, C. A., 60. McDole, G. R., 20. McLennan, R. C., 19. Lockett, J. L., 93. Lyle, M. S., 105.

McDonald, C. W., 28. McLeod, J. H., 89. Locklin, H. D., 100. Lyle, S. P., 17.

McDonald, H. G., 98. McLeod, W.M., 35. Lockwood, W. P. B., 43. Lyman, J. F., 74.

McDonald, M., 29. McMahon, D., 73. Loeffel, W. J., 57. Lynch, G. L., 75. McDonel, K. H., 46. McMahon, J. E., 78. Logan, L. E., 36.

W. E., 57. McDonnell, A. D., McMahon, K. L., 26. Lohman, A. W., 59. Lyon, H. L., 19.

McDonnell, H. B., 41. McMillan, S. A., 92. Lohmann, K. B., 24. Lyon, T. L., 64.

McDowell, M. S., II, 82. McMiller, P. R., 51. Lommel, W. E., 27. Lyons, E. S., 32.

McEldowney, G. A., 19. McMullen, E. C., 68. Long, C. L., 81.

McElroy, C. H., 79. McMunn, R. L., 24. Long, G. B., 64.

McAdams, A. J., 54. McElroy, J.J., 59. McMurray, R. G., 74. Long, H. D., 72.

McAdams, J. H., 35. McFall, R. J., 43. McNair, A. D., 5. Long, J. D., 7.

McAdams, M. E., 24. McFarland, Mrs. F. M., | McNall, P. E., 102. Long, L. E., 52. McAdory, I. S., 2.

41.

McNaughton, E. B., 4r. Long, W, W., 86.

McAlister, J. T., 86. McFarland, K. H., 50. McNeal, W. B., 50. Longenecker, G. W., 103. McAlister, L. C., jr., 87. McFarland, M. G., 50. McNeel, W., 103. Longley, L. E., 21. McAllep, W. R., 18, 19. McFeely, A., 50.

McNess, G. T., 91. Longwell, J. H., 22. McAlpine, J. G., 12. McGee, Mrs. E. L., 37. McNulty, S. A., 103. Longyear, B. O., 11. McAlpine, M. I., 17.

McGehee, E. L., 6. McNutt, G. W., 32. Loomis, A. P., 35. McAmis, J. C., 89. McGeorge, W. T., 19. McNutt, J. C., 59. Loomis, W. E., 5.

McArthur, L. J., 89. McGettigan, F. L., 59. McNutt, S. H., 32. Lopez Dominguez, F. McBride, C. G., 74, 76. McGilliard, P.C., 78. McPheeters, Mrs. M.,A., 85.

McBryde, Mrs. M. C., McGinnies, W. G., 4. 41. Lord, E. L., 15.

97.

McGinnis, E., 40. McPheeters, M. R., 78. Loree, R. E., 47. McCain, O., 26. McGinnis, F. W., 48.

McQueen, J. M., 56. Lory, C. A., II, 10. McCall, A. G., 42.

McGinty, R. A., 11.

McSpadden, B.J., 89. Lothrop, R. E., 79. McCall, L. J., 93. McGlade, Mr. R. A., 98.

McTeer, F. D., 90. Lott, R. V., 11. McCall, T. M., 51. McGowan, M. B., 97.

McVeety, Mrs. E., 73. Loucks, K. W., 15. McCally, R. L., 25. McGregor, S. E., jr., 92. | McVey, F.L., 35. Loudon, Mrs. D. A., 73. McCampbell. C. W., 33. McHargue, J. S., 36. McWhorter, F. P., 97. Love, H. H., 68. McCampbell, S. C., 11.

McHatton, T. H., 17. Mabee, W. B., 56. Loveland, E. H., 95. McCann, L. P., 10. McHugh, J. K., 39.

Maberry, Mrs. E.N., 39. Lovett, E. L., 6. McCann, R., 10.

McIlroy, Mrs. C. B., 67. | MacArthur, E. H., 67. Lowder, M. V., 1. McCarty, M. A., 48.

McIlvaine, T. C., 101. MacDaniels, L. H., 68. Lowe, B., 31.

McCaul, B. V., 72. McIlwain, D. W., 51. MacDonald, G. B., 31. Lowe, P. M., 49.

McCaustland, E. J., II. McInerney, T.J., 65. Macdonald, L., 12. Lowery, J. C., 2.

McChord, R. C., 55. McIntosh, C. J., 81. MacDonald, M. B., 90. Lowman, O. E., 28. McCleery, W. L., 19.

McIntosh, D. C., 92. Macfarlane, J., 60. Lowry, M. W., 16. McClelland, C. K., 5. McKay, A. B., 52.

MacGillivray, J. H., 27. Lowry, P. R., 60.

McClelland, T. B., 85. McKay, H., 75, 77. MacIntire, W. H., 90. Lowry, R. B., 89.

McClintock, J. A., 90. McKay, H. M., 17. Mack, M. E., 59. Lowry, 8. J., 37.

McClintock, J. E., 75. McKay, L. H., 70. Mack, M. J., 43. Lubbe husen, R. E., 51. McClure, G. M., 75. McKay, L. J., 53. Mack, W. B., 84. Lucas, D. B., 61, 62. McClure, J. T:, 76.

McKay, M, B., 79. Mackay, B. B., 38. Lucas, J. B., 96. McClymonds, A. E., 21. McKee, C., 55.

Mackensen, O., 92. Lucas, P. S., 45. McCollam, M. E., 100. McKee, J. C., 51.

MacKenzie, P. C., 82. Luce, M. E., 95. McColley, G. A., 51.

McKee, M. A., 23. Mackey, A. K., 91. Luce, W. A., 99. McColloch, J. W., 34. McKellip, I., 74.

Mackie, W. W., 6. Luckett, J. D., 69. McComb, H. A., 58.

McKenney, G., 36. Mackintosh, D. L., 33. Ludwig, C. A., 86.

McComb, Mrs. J. D., McKenzie, F. F., 53. Mackintosh, R. 8., 50.. Lum, R. K., 19.

80.

McKibben, E. G., 7. Macklin, T., 102. Lumb, J. W., 35. McConnell, H. S., 41.

McKibbin, R. R., 42. MacLeod, G. F., 84. Lundberg, M. G., 12. McConnell, R. E., 88.

McKimmon, Mrs. J. 8., | MacMillan, W. B., 88. Lundgren, E., 89. McCool, M. M., 47.

71,

Macy, H., 49. Lundin, P. G., 46. McCord, J. L. E., 83.

McKinley, B., 15. Madison, L. C. 82. Lundy, G., 88. McCormick, F. A., 13.

McKinley, Mrs. H. V., Madson, B. A., 6. Lungren, E. A., 10. McCormick, R. N., 76. 41.

Maeser, S., 94. Lunn, A. G., 81. McCoy, E. M., 83.

McKittrick, E.J., 105. Magarian, M. C., 18. Lunt, H. A., 21. McCoy, J. E., 99.

McKittrick, J. E., 21. Magill, E. C., 96. Lush, J. L., 91. McCracken, E. C., 32.

McLaughlin, F. A., 42. Magill, W. W., 37. Lush, R. H., 33. McCrary, C. M., 46.

McLaughlin, Mrs. H. Magnuson, H. P., 20 Lusk, J. P., 91. McCreary, O., 104.

F., 60.

Magruder, R., 77. Lute, A. M., 10. McCue, C. A., 14.

McLaughlin, H. M., 28. Mahan, C. A., 36.
Luther, E. L., 103. McCuen, G. W., 74, 76.

McLaughlin, R. P., 46. Mains, E. B., 25. Lutman, A. S., 95. McCulloch, E. C., 22. McLean, F. T., 85. Mairs, T. I., 83. Lutman, B. F., 95. McCullough, H., 23. McLean, H. C., 62, 63. Major, H. F., 54.

Page 6

Sears, F. C., 43. Shelby, H., 79.

Sinnott, E. W., 12. Smith, M. M., 60. Sears, G. W., 59. Shellenberger, M. E., 46. Sipe, F. P., 79.

Smith, 0., 31. Sears, 0. H., 21. Shepard, C. E., 13. Sipe, G. R., 52.

Smith, O, M., 78. Seaton, J. P., 24. Shepard, H. H., 41. Sivyer, H. R., 90.

Smith, P. H., 43.
Seaton, M. A., 27. Shepardson, C. M., 10. Sjogren, J. W., 10. Smith, R. A., 22. Seaton, R. A., II.

Shepherd, H. W., 9. Sjogren, O. W., 57. Smith, R. O., 34. Sebastian, M. R., 38. Sheppard, O. E., 56. Skelley, W.C., 60, 62. Smith, R. E., 9. Secrest, F., 77.

Shepperd, J. H., 72. Skelton, G. V., 80. Smith, Mrs. R. G., 66. Secrest, M., 8.

Sherbakoff, C.D., 89. Skidmore, H. M., 7. Smith, R. H. [Calif.], 8. Seeds, F., 64.

Sherburne, R. E., 43. Skidmore, L. V., 58. Smith, H. [Miss.], 51.
Seeley, P. A., 47.

Sheridan, M. E., 11. Skillman, E. G., 63. Smith, R. 8., 21. Sein, F., jr., 85. Sherman, F., 87.

Skinner, A. G., 12. Smith, R. W., 73. Seitz, C. E., 97.

Sherman, H. B., 15. Skinner, E. L., 43. Smith, R. W., jr., 43. Selby, Mrs. E. P., 2.

Sherman, J. M., 65. Skinner, J. H., 24. Smith, T., 19. Selby, H. E., 80.

Sherman, L. W., 77. Skiver, C. E., 46.

Smith, T. 0., 60. Sell, I. I., 50.

Sherwood, E.C., 101. Skuce, T. W., 101. Smith, V. E., 100. Sellards, H. G., 36.

Sherwood, F. W., 70. Slanetz, C. A., 12. Smith, W. E., 19. Sellman, R. L., 40. Sherwood, R. M., 91. Slate, G. L., 69.

Smith, W. H., 22. Selvig, C. G., 51.

Shibles, L, H., 40. Slate, W. L., jr., 12, 13. Smith, W. W., 25. Serex, P., jr., 43. Shigley, J. F., 82. Slater, S, E., 101.

Smith, Z. M., 26. Serrano, L. A., 85. Shilling, I. M., 31. Slaughter, B., 54.

Smurthwaite, G. 1., 34 Serviss, G. N., 4. Shimer, S. R., 60. Slipher, J. A., 75.

Smythe, C. V., 84.
Setchell, W. A., 7. Shires, L. B., 64.

Sloat, H. S., 83.

Snapp, R. R., 22. Setterfield, H., 76. Shirky, S. B., 55.

Slocum, B. A., 100. Snider, H. J., 21. Settler, E., 39. Shive, J. W., 61. Small, J. A., 63.

Snodgrass, G. L., 37. Settles, O., 31.

Shivery, G. B., 90. Smith, A. [Calif.], 6. Snodgrass, M. D., 3. Setzler, O. L., 11.

Shobe, M. L., 37. Smith, A. [Va.], 98. Snook, J. H., 75. Severance, G., 99. Shoemaker, J. N., 75. Smith, A. B., 35.

Snow, F. L., 81. Severin, H. C., 89.

Shoemaker, J. S., 77. Smith, A. C., 50.

Snow, O. L., 47. Severin, H. H. P., 8.

Sholl, L, B., 47.

Smith, A. K., 72.

Snuggs, R. E., 92.
Severin, J. E., 17.

Shoup, G. R., 100 Smith, A. M., 31. Snyder, G. B., 44. Severson, A. S., 72, Shoup, Mrs. G. R., 100. Smith, B. B., 34.

Snyder, J. M., 42. Sevy, H. P., 101. Shrewsbury. C. L., 53. Smith, B. T., 40.

Snyder, L. H., 71. Sewell, H. W., 51. Shriner, R. L., 69. Smith, C. L., 42.

Snyder, R. M., 47.
Sewell, J. G., 7. Shuey, G. A., 90. Smith, C. 0., 9.

Snyder, R. S. [Ida.], 20.
Sewell, M.C., 33. Shubart, D. V., 79. Smith, C. R. F., 31. Snyder, R, S. [Pa.], 84. Sowell, W. E., 1.

Shultz, E. N., 28. Smith, C. W.[Nebr.], 58. Snyder, R. W., 28. Seymour, H, C., 80.

Shumaker, J. B., 28. Smith, C. W. [Pa.], 84. Snyder, W. P., 58. Shafer, R. W., 11. Shunk, I. V.D., 70. Smith, D., 99.

Solliday, D. W., 23.
Shaner, L., 75. Sidelmann, I. O., 83. Smith, E, A., 32.

Somers, L. A., 24. Shanklin, F. M., 26. Sideris, C. P., 19.

Smith, E. D., 11.

Sommer, H. H., 102. Sharp, L. W., 65. Siecke, E. O., 92. Smith, E. E., 23.

Sommerfeld, E. 73. Sharp, M. A., 29. Siemens, M. M. 99. Smith, E. H., 9.

Sonnenday, D. F., 87. Sharp, M. R., 64. Sieveking, E. G., 21. Smith, E. R., 38.

Sorenson, C. J., 95. Sharp, P. F., 65. Sievers, F.J., 99. Smith, E, T., 73.

Sotola, J., 98. Shattuck O., 81. Sikes, E. W., 86. Smith, E. V., 46.

Souder,M. A., 23. Shaw, A., 39. Silcox, W. B., 95. Smith, F. B., 10.

Soule, A. M., II, 16. Shaw, C. F., 6. Silkett, R.J., 55.

Smith, G. E. P., 4. Soule, R. M., 17. Shaw, E. L., 100.

Silver, E. A., 74, 76. Smith, G. M., 25. Southerland, D. P., 71. Shaw, J. K., 43. Simmons, G. E., 39. Smith, H., 95.

Spaeth, J. N., 67. Shaw, J. M., 28.

Simmons, J. E., 79. Smith, H. H., 10. Spaulding, H. O., 40. Shaw, J. N., 81. Simmons, O. L., 52. Smith, H. O., 28.

Spaulding, M. H., 58.
Shaw, M. A., 102. Simmons, S. B., 72. Smith, H. P., 92.

Spears, H. D., 37. Shaw, R. S., 44. Simmons, W.E., 38. Smith, H. 8., 8.

Spencer, A. P., 15. Shaw, S. B., 41. Simms, B. T., 81. Smith, H. V., 4.

Spencer, H., 39. Shaw, W.M., 90. Simms, J. A., 12.

Smith, H. W., 39. Spencer, H. L., 67. Shawl, R. I., 23. Simon, R. H., 76. Smith, J. B., 85.

Spencer, J. N., 28. Shay, W. W., 70. Simons, L. R., 66. Smith, J. E., 42.

Spencer, J. O., 42. Shea, T. F., 79. Simpson, A. C., 83. Smith, J. R., 36.

Spencer, L., 66.
Shealy, A, L., 15. Simpson, R. V., 58. Smith, J. S., 14.

Spencer, 8. D., 14. Shear, O. L., II. Sims, A.J., 90. Smith, K., 41.

Spencer, V. E., 21. Shear, E. V, jr., 69. Sims, F, A., 30.

Smith, L. B., 8.

Sperry, A. B., 35. Shear, S. W., 7. Sims, T. A., 2.

Smith, L. H., 21. Spinney, L. B., 31. Shearer, P. S., 28. Sinclair, W.B., 48. Smith, L. J., 99.

Spitler, J. C., 23. Shedd, C. K., 34. Sinden, J. W., 68. Smith, L. R., 61, 62.

Spitzer, G., 25. Shedd, 0, M., 36. Singletary, B. H., 38. Smith, M. E., 84, Spohn, A., 67. Sheffield, A., 43.

Singleton, H. P., 100. Smith, M, L., 58. Spohn, B. B., 74.

Page 7

Williams, P. W., 37.

Wilson, M. M., 81. Williams, R. H., 91.

Wilson, R. C., 16. Williams, W., 93.

Wilson, R. S., 51. Williams, W. K., Jr., 5. Wilson, S. M., 83. Williamson, Mrs. C.M., Wilson, W. C., 36. 71.

Wimer, D. C., 22. Williamson, D. D., 60.

Winant, H, B., 42. Williamson, H. H.,'92.

Winchester, G., 62. Williamson, J. T., 1.

Winfrey, R. E., 31. Williamson, M., 10.

Wing, E. M., 10. Willier, J. G., 33.

Wing, H. H., 65. Willis, J. W., 52.

Wing, H. J., 88. Willis, L. G., 70.

Wingard, S. A., 96. Willis, M. A., 17.

Winkler, A. J., 9. Willis, R. L., 61, 62.

Winkler, C. H., 92. Williston, D. A., 3.

Winsor, L. M., 94. Willman, J. P., 65.

Winston, W. 0., 2. Willmarth, A. B., 95.

Winter, A. R., 75. Willoughby, C. H., 15.

Winter, F. L., 22. Willoughby, L. E., 33.

Winter, O. B., 45. Willoughby, M. E., 26.

Winters, E. 8., 2. Willson, C. A., II, 89. Winters, J. S., 7. Willson, E. A., 72.

Winters, R. Y., 70. Willson, L. H., 32.

Winters, V. M., 3. Wilson, A. J., 70.

Winton, B., 54. Wilson, A. L., 95.

Wiseman, C. R., 49. Wilson, B. D., 65.

Wist, J, E., 19. Wilson, C. E., 75.

Withycombe, R., 81. Wilson, C. P., 64.

Witter, D. P., 66. Wilson, C. V., 100.

Wixson, S., 46. Wilson, D. D., 35.

Wodsedalek, J. E., 21. Wilson, E. D., 39.

Wojta, J. F., 102. Wilson, E. J., 93.

Wolfe, T. K., 96. Wilson, E. P., 31.

Wood, A. T., 14. Wilson, F. G., 102.

Wood, B, B., 44. Wilson, F. W., 59.

Wood, C. J., 4. Wilson, H. F., 102.

Wood, D. C., 53. Wilson, H. L., 70.

Wood, I. D., 58. Wilson, I. D., 97.

Wood, J. H., 16. Wilson, J. D., 76.

Wood, S. R., 78. Wilson, J, F., 6.

Wood, W. H., 92.
Wilson, J. H., 17.

Woodard, C. S., 6. Wilson, J. K., 65.

Wilson, J, T., 77.

Woodard, O., 18. Wilson, J. W., 88.

Woodbridge, M. E., 69. Wilson, L. M., 31.

Woodcock, E. F., 44. W M. L., 56. Woodley, W. H., 5. Wilson, Mrs. M. L., 91. I Woodroof, J. G., 17.

Woodroof, Mrs. N. C., | Yapp, W. W., 22. 17.

Yates, H. O., 62. Woodrow, J. W., 32. Yeager, A, F., 73. Woods, A. F., II.

Yerkes, O. M., 57. Woods, E., 103.

Yetter, W. P., jr., 11. Woods, M., 3.

Yoder, F. R., 99. Woodward, A. E., 39. Yoder, L., 28. Woodward, C. R., 61, 62. York, H. A., 52. Woodward, K. W., 60. Young A., 59. Woodward, N. F., 56. Young, A. L., 23. Woodworth, C. M., 22. Young, B. P., 68. Woodworth, O. W., 8. Young, C. H., 60. Woodworth, H, C., 60. Young, D. B., 4. Wooley, J. C., 54.

Young, E. C., 26. Woolsey, C., 5.

Young, G. E., 26. Worcester, M. A., 35. Young, H. C., 76. Work, P., 68.

Young, H. L., 29. Working, E. B., 33. Young, H. N., 66. Working, E. J., 49. Young, H. P., 95. Workman, N., 31. Young, I, W., 79. Works, G. A., 66. Young, J. B., 90. Worley, S. S., 100. Young, N. B., 55. Worthen, E. L. 65. Young, P. A., 56. Worthington, A. D., 32. Young, V. D., 56. Worthley, H. N., 84.

Young, V. H., 5. Wray, J. D., 16.

Young, W. A., 1. Wray, R., 7.

Young, W. H., 23. Wrenshall, R., 18. Youngblood, B., 91, 92. Wright, A. H. [N. Y.], | Yount, H. W., 43.

68. Wright, A. H. [Wis.], 102.

Zahnley, J. W., 33. Wright, C. C., 100. Zappe, M. P., 13. Wright, F. B., 66. Zavoral, H. G., 48. Wright, J. B., 53. Zeasman, O. R., 102, 104. Wright, K. E., 22. Zeeuw, R. de, 44. Wright, K. T., 23. Zeller, P. J. A., 63. Wright, M. L., 46.

Zeller, 8. M., 79. Wright, R. G., 61.

Ziegler, H., 16. Wright, T. R. H., 88. Ziegler, P.T., 82. Wright, W. H., 102. Zimmerley, H. H., 97. Wright, W.J., 66. Zimmerman, P. W., 41. Wuichet, J. W., 74. Zinzalian, G., 76. Wurdeman, A., 31. Zon, R., 51. Wyche, R. H., 93.

Zook, L. L., 58. Wylie, C. E., 90.

Zudreele, G., 20. Wylie, M., 67.

Zumbro, P. B., 75. Wyngarden, E., 45. Zupp, B, A., 32.

Page 8

deprived of ample wood supplies, the effect will appear in poorer

sifue housing, harder living, and less profitable business.

We have been able to use wood freely because of our immense stores of virgin timber and the development of our railroads which have kept consumers in touch with the constantly retreating forests. As the virgin forests diminish the need for protecting our remaining timber and for keeping foreșt land productive becomes more and more urgent. Our consumption of timber is now four times as great as the replacement by growth. Not even so rich a country as the United States can afford to continue such a condition. We have more than 80,000,000 acres of forest land that is idle, producing practically nothing, and a much larger area only partially productive

. ile To produce timber crops adequate to meet the needs of the Nation all of America's forest land-470,000,000 acresneeds to be put to work and kept at work growing trees.

The greatest single enemy of the forest is fire. In the United States about 50,000 forest fires a year, on an average, sweep over an area of more than 10,000,000 acres and cause damage that runs up to $20,000,000 or more, exclusive of damage to young trees, watershed protection, and recreational and other resources which can not well be estimated in dollars and cents.

In the national forests of Arizona, which include more than 11,000,000 acres of land, 2,303 forest fires occurred within the fiveyear period 1921–1925. These fires destroyed the timber on 37,321 acres, and to extinguish them cost over $86,000. More than 800 of them were caused by the carelessness of individuals using the forests. And in most of these 800 cases, the teachers of the State will be interested to know, the responsible persons were residents of Arizona and not tourists from other States. The public is coming more and more to realize the value of forests and the need for protecting them; and whereas 70 per cent of the fires on the Arizona national forests in 1921 were due to human carelessness, in 1925 only 25 per cent were charged to this cause. The annual loss through preventable forest fires in the State is still much too large, however. Through further cooperative effort, it is believed, this loss can be greatly reduced. It is to help prevent such fires that this booklet is written.

LESSON NO. 1.—THE FORESTS OF ARIZONA

Before learning how forest fires start, how they are found and put out, and what damage they do, you will want to know where our forests are, and what is their value and their importance to the welfare of the State.

Most of the higher mountains of the State are timbered, but the great forest region is on the Colorado Plateau, which extends from the Kaibab National Forest in the northwestern part of the State some 200 miles in a southeasterly direction to the New Mexico line. This forested area, together with its continuation in New Mexico, comprises the most extensive unbroken body of western yellow pine timber in the United States. The other forests of the State are in the several detatched mountain ranges. The principal ranges are: The Graham, Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, Chiracahua, Pinal, Santa

Page 9

if the forest did not exist. If these forests were entirely destroyed, the rain and snow water would run off very rapidly. The soil being bound by the roots of the trees, much of it would be taken down with the resulting disastrous floods. This soil would settle in the irrigation reservoirs, where it would decrease their capacity and therefore their usefulness. By preventing this, the forests are, therefore, of great value in increasing the agricultural prosperity of the State.

Every summer many people go into the mountain forests from the surrounding valleys to rest and to get away from the heat. It is there that they can enjoy themselves in the cool bracing air amid unexcelled mountain in the streams and game in the woods make the forest attractive to fishermen, hunters, photographers, and all who appreciate wild life.

QUESTIONS 1. Where

the forests of Arizona ?

2. How much of Arizona is timbered?

3. What are the woodland forests and what products are obtained from them?

4. What forests of the State are the most important and why?

5. Name four important species of trees found in our forests.

6. How much timber do our forests contain and what part of this is owned by the Government? By the State? By private individuals?

7. Name three reasons why our forests are important.

8. How do the forests help the irrigated farms in the valleys below them?

Effect of severe fires on forests

FORESTRY IS THE GROWING, PROTECTING, AND HAR

VESTING OF TREE CROPS

LESSON NO. 2.-FOREST FIRES— EFFECTS

Now that you have learned how important the forests of Arizona are, you will want to know what needs to be done to protect them and why. This lesson is about forest fires and what they do in timber and brush.

Page 10

by cattle and sheep. When these fires occur in the fall they are especially serious because much of the grass that is burned is needed for winter feed and at that time new grass does not grow to take its place.

QUESTIONS 1. What are the principal ways in which fires damage the forest?

2. Why should the small trees in the forest be protected against fire ?

3. What is a fire scar?
4. Why are fires in brush areas damaging? 5. What damage do grass fires do?

BURY YOUR CAMP FIRE WITH EARTH, BREAK YOUR

LIGHTED MATCH IN TWO BEFORE DROPPING IT; BET- TER STILL DON'T DROP IT

LESSON NO. 3.-CAUSES OF FIRE

In the preceding lesson you have learned something of the serious damage which results from fires. You now naturally ask the question: “ What causes these fires?

A natural cause of forest fires that is both common and destructive is lightning. Often, especially in June, there are lightning storms during which very little or no rain falls. Bolts of lightning strike trees, often ignite the wood, throw sparks into the surrounding litter, and start forest fires. Since these fires can not be prevented, the best that can be done is to keep a sharp lookout for them so that they can be put out before they grow large.

By far the most serious fires, however, are the result of carelessness or ignorance of human beings.

Camp fires that are carelessly built or left unattended spread through the dry grass and litter and become forest or grass fires. They destroy timber and forage and spoil the beautiful camping places of the State. In the next lesson you will learn how you can build safe camp fires and what to do before going away from a

Careless hunters and fishermen who travel through the woods are responsible for many fires, which they start by throwing away lighted matches, pipe embers, or smoldering cigars or cigarettes. Smokers who travel by automobile are guilty of carelessly throwing aside lighted smoking materials that often fall into masses of dry pine needles or grass and flare into forest fires with the first wind.

In carrying on certain industries men find it necessary to use fire in the woods. Many fires result from the operation of railroad and logging engines and the clearing of land by ranchers. Sparks from engines can be prevented by the use of proper spark arresters on smokestacks. Ranch

can prevent fire escaping by using care and by burning brush and débris only when there is no danger that the fire will spread. It is best not to burn brush during May and June, or until the summer rains begin.

Malicious and criminal people sometimes start fires in the forest as well as in towns. Though their number is few, the fires they start often do much damage. It is the duty of every citizen to help the law officers run down those who willfully set fires and see that they are punished as they justly deserve.

1. Into what two general divisions can the causes of forest fires be divided ? 2. How does

A tree set on fire by lightning start forest fires ?

3. How are forest fires started from camp fires?
4. How do smokers start forest fires? 5. When can brush be safely burned?

PUT SMALL FIRES OUT-USE EARTH OR WATER

LESSON NO. 4.–FIRE PREVENTION

How can forest fires be prevented? If everyone who goes into the mountains would learn and follow the woodsman's rules in the handling of fires, a very large number of destructive blazes that now start from human carelessness would never take place.

MISCELLANEOUS CIRCULAR 88, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Remember a good woodsman builds a small camp fire well away from living trees, large logs, or green brush. He clears a place of all leaves, needles, grass, and trash, digs a hole, and in the hole builds a small quick fire. When the fire burns down he sits beside it and does his cooking. The “tenderfoot” makes a bonfire and cooks himself while he smokes and burns his food.

A good woodsman never builds a bonfire for cooking, and never for any purpose in windy weather or when there is the slightest chance that the fire will get away. He never leaves camp until he has put water on his fire, or has covered it with earth and knows for certain that it is entirely out. At the same time he cleans up and burns all refuse that has accumulated. In this way a woodsman

leaves for the next person a camping place that is attractive and inviting.

HOW TO PREVENT SMOKERS' FIRES

A good woodsman makes sure that all matches and tobacco are out before he throws them away. He knows that the thoughtless tossing of a lighted match or cigarette into dry grass or litter may start a serious fire which may, besides destroying valuable timber, burn up some ranchman's house and barn.

HOW TO PREVENT INDUSTRIAL FIRES

A good woodsman sees to it that any machinery used in the woods, such as engines or tractors, is in such condition that sparks can not escape from the smokestack. A good woodsman does not burn

brush when the country is very dry and windy. If he finds fires burning, he tries to put them out himself: but if he can not, he gets word to the nearest forest ranger as quickly as possible.

STATE AND FEDERAL FIRE LAWS

Both the State of Arizona and the United States have passed laws which provide penalties for failure to handle fires in the way in which good woodsmen do. By this means those who are careless with fires may be taught how dangerous it is. The Arizona law has penalties of from $25 to $500, or up to six months in jail, for setting and leaving forest fires burning. A penalty of from $10 to $100, or not more than 50 days in jail, is also prescribed for building a camp fire in the forest without first clearing the ground around it, or for

Fires are sometimes started by steam engines used in logging operations

failing to extinguish it. The same fine and the same penalties are likewise imposed for throwing a lighted cigar, cigarette, or match among forest litter. People are told of these laws by signs which are tacked up on trees in many of the forests. Because they give this valuable information, the signs should not be mutilated or torn down.

1. What kind of camp fires do good woodsmen build ? 2. In what kind of a place do they build them!

3. What do they do with their camp fires and refuse before leaving?

4. How can smokers' fires be prevented?

5. Are there laws in Arizona for the prevention of forest fires ? What are the penalties?

Page 11

EVERYBODY LOSES WHEN TIMBER BURNS

LESSON NO. 5.-HOW FIRES ARE DISCOVERED AND PUT OUT

In the previous lessons you have learned about our forests, why and how fires damage them, how fires are caused, and how they can be prevented. You will now want to know how fires may be discovered and put out if they do start.

In cities, towns, and other places of human habitation fires are usually discovered and the alarm given as soon as they break out. In the mountains, however, there are extensive areas of our forests so thinly populated and with such obstructed views, because of mountain ranges and deep canyons, that fires may become very large be

How a woodsman builds his camp fire—out in an open cleared place

fore they are discovered if some special means of detection is not employed.

Careful watch is maintained over such forests by stationing men on the highest peaks to act as lookouts and by placing fire guards to patrol along ridges and other routes where they have a good view of areas in which fires are likely to occur. The lookout men go to their stations on the high mountain peaks in the spring and remain constantly on duty until the first summer rains occur. plies are sent to them by the rangers. They occupy small buildings with windows on all sides—a “ribbon” of glass entirely around the building. These lookout men do not go to fires, but report them immediately by telephone to the rangers.

In addition, all people within or near the forests [miners, stockmen, hunters, campers, etc.] are constantly on the watch for fires and

report them immediately to the forest rangers if help is needed in putting them out.

TELEPHONE LINES As you go through the mountains you will find that a very good system of telephone lines is maintained, in order that reports may reach the rangers without delay. These telephone lines are somewhat different from those seen along country roads and in towns as they are suspended usually from trees, instead of poles, by insulators attached to a short piece of wire.

Here and there throughout the mountains are ranger stations, which are the homes of the rangers and which are located at central points within their respective districts so that people can find them easily. During the spring dry season the rangers are assisted by guards, patrolmen, and firemen. Before the season opens the rangers see that there is an ample supply of fire-fighting equipment, well distributed to points where it will most likely be needed in case of fire. This equipment consists chiefly of axes, shovels, rakes, hoes, canteens, and cooking utensils. It must be kept in good condition and ready to use at any time, because a fire is likely to start at any moment. The rangers also have arrangements made with merchants, garagemen, ranchers, and employers of labor, so that when big fires are reported they can, on very short notice, get men for fire fighters, transport them to the fire line, and forward food supplies and equipment.

The most important thing about fighting a forest fire is to get there as soon as possible and before it gets large. Then one or two men can generally handle it in a few hours. But if it is allowed to spread and there is a high wind, it may take a hundred or more men several days to get it under control. "The men who fight it must,

Promontory Butte lookout tower—110 feet. Highest in the United States.

National Forest

of course, be properly equipped with shovels, hoes, rakes, or other tools, and with food and water.

Small fires in grass and litter can often be beaten out with branches, sacks, or shovels. Larger ones, however, especially if burning fiercely in a high wind, are not so easily handled and it is usually necessary to clear a wide trail or fire line, which the flames can not cross, some distance in advance of the fire. In clearing this fire line, advantage is, of course, taken of open spaces which will permit the work to be done more rapidly and of ridges where the fires do not burn so fiercely. Sometimes back-firing is resorted to. This consists in building a fire along a road or trail or other favorable place where

it can be properly controlled and allowing it to burn back to the main fire where they both go out for lack of further material to burn. A back-fire, however, if not carefully handled, is likely to get beyond control. It should be used only by experienced fire fighters. Fires burn very rapidly up hill but can frequently be stopped at the top of ridges. They die down during the night, which is the best time to bring them under control.

WHAT YOU CAN DO TO PREVENT FOREST FIRES

Remember that it is the duty of every one who goes into the woods, whether on business or pleasure, to be extremely careful not to start fires and to help put them out if they do start. You can help tremendously to prevent fires by following the example set by experienced woodsmen in the handling of camp and other fires in the forests. Furthermore, you can make it a point to influence others to do the same. If you discover a fire, put it out if it is small; but

you can't control it, notify the nearest forest ranger. If you do put out a forest fire, be sure that no embers remain to start up again.

1. Name three ways in which fires are located. 2. What would you do if you discovered a small fire? A large one? 3. How would you extinguish a small grass fire? 4. What is meant by back-firing! 5. How can you help to prevent forest fires?

ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C.

AT 10 CENTS PER COPY

Page 12

A FOREST FIRE PREVENTION HANDBOOK FOR THE

SCHOOLS OF NEW MEXICO

Prepared by the Forest Service, Southwestern District, United States Department of Agri

culture, in cooperation with the Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of New Mexico. Issued March, 1927

INFORMATION FOR THE TEACHER

The United States uses more than two-fifths of all the wood consumed in the world. We consume each year about 200 cubic feet of wood for each man, woman, and child. The world average is about 30 cubic feet. Abundance of timber is one of the main things that have made this the most prosperous of all countries. If we are deprived of ample wood supplies, the effect will appear in poorer housing, harder living, and less profitable business.

We have been able to use wood freely because of our immense stores of virgin timber and the development of our railroads, which have kept consumers in touch with the constantly retreating forests. As the virgin forests diminish the need for protecting our remaining timber and for keeping forest land productive becomes more and more urgent. Our consumption of timber is now four times as great as the replacement by growth. Not even so rich a country as the United States can afford to continue such a condition. We have more than 80,000,000 acres of forest land that is idle, producing practically nothing, and a much larger area only partially productive. To produce timber crops adequate to meet the needs of the Nation, all of America's forest land – 470,000,000 acres-needs to be put to work and kept at work growing trees.

In the national forests of New Mexico, which include 8,482,315 acres, 3,496 forest fires occurred within the five-year period 19211925. These fires destroyed the timber on 91,636 acres, and to extinguish them cost over $171,000. No less than 1,400 of them were caused by the carelessness of individuals using the forests. And in most of these 1,400 cases, the teachers of the State will be interested to know, the responsible persons were residents of New Mexico and not tourists from other States. The public is coming more and more to realize the value of forests and the need for protecting them; and whereas 76 per cent of the fires on the New Mexico national forests in 1921 were due to human carelessness, in 1925 only 36 per cent were charged to this cause.

The annual loss through preventable forest fires in the State is still much too large, how23030°—27

Page 13

Maybe a little farther on the fire comes to a thick group of big trees, with lots of needles and twigs on the ground. Just then a puff of wind comes along and the fire, with so much fuel to burn, flames up to the tops of the trees, roars there a minute, and by that time has burned up all the needles. The trees then die, although the

trunks stand there for years until finally they rot and fall.

So while the fire does not kill or injure all the big trees from which lumber comes, it burns down some of them and kills others with its heat and flames. On many it makes or increases the size of the fire scars and destroys much wood.

Throughout the timbered regions of the State there are many

where only an occasional large tree oc

These areas are also largely covered with a dense stand of oak and other brush and, on the high mountain slopes, with aspen. If one looks closely, however, he will find pine, fir, and spruce seedlings which have not yet grown tall enough to show above

the brush. These brush Effect of repeated ground fires on a big pine

fields have usually

been caused by old burns. Evidence of previous burns is very clear in the fragments of burnt wood and charred stumps which may still be found.

If a fire occurs in a brush area, it is not only very difficult to stop but also very destructive. When a wind is present, and there are usually winds with fires, the short and highly inflammable brush burns from the base to the top, forming what is commonly known as a crown fire. Such fires are very difficult to put out, as one can not approach close to them because of the intense heat. Usually they

Page 14

By far the most serious fires, however, are the result of carelessness or ignorance of human beings.

Camp fires that are carelessly built or left unattended spread through the dry grass and litter and become forest or grass fires. They destroy timber and forage and spoil the beautiful camping

places of the State. In the next lesson you will learn how you can build safe camp fires and what to do before going away from

In carrying on certain industries men find it necessary to use fire

in the woods. Many A tree set on fire by lightning

fires result from the operation of railroad and logging engines and the clearing of land by ranchers. Sparks from engines can be prevented by the use of proper spark arresters on smokestacks. Ranchers can prevent fire escaping by using care and by burning brush and débris only when there is no danger that the fire will spread. It is best not to burn brush during May and June, or until the summer rains begin.

Malicious and criminal people sometimes start fires in the forest as well as in towns. Though their number is few, the fires they start

often do much damage. It is the duty of every citizen to help the law officers run down those who willfully set fires and see that they are punished as they justly deserve.

1. Into what two general divisions can the causes of forest fires be divided ?

2. How does man start forest fires ? 3. How are forest fires started from camp fires ? 4. How do smokers start forest fires? 5. When can brush be safely burned?

Fires are sometimes started by steam skidder engines used in logging operations

PUT SMALL FOREST FIRES OUT-USE EARTH OR WATER

LESSON NO. 4.–FIRE PREVENTION

HOW TO HANDLE AND PUT OUT CAMP FIRES

Remember a good woodsman builds a small camp fire well away from living trees, large logs, or green brush. He clears a place of all leaves, needles, grass and trash, digs a hole, and in the hole builds a quick small fire. When the fire burns down he sits beside it

How a woodsman builds his camp fire-Out in an open cleared place

and does his cooking. The “tenderfoot” makes a bonfire and cooks himself while he smokes and burns his food.

A good woodsman never builds a bonfire for cooking, and never for any purpose in windy weather or when there is the slightest chance that the fire will get away. He never leaves camp until he has put water on his fire, or has covered it with earth and knows for certain that it is entirely out. 'At the same time he cleans up and burns all refuse that has accumulated. In this way a woodsman leaves for the next person a camping place that is attractive and inviting.

HOW TO PREVENT SMOKERS' FIRES

A good woodsman makes sure that all matches and tobacco are out before he throws them away. He knows that the thoughtless tossing of a lighted match or cigarette into dry grass or litter may

start a serious fire which may, besides destroying valuable timber, burn up some ranchman's house and barn.

HOW TO PREVENT INDUSTRIAL FIRES

A good woodsman sees to it that any machinery used in the woods, such as engines or tractors, is in such condition that sparks can not escape from the smokestack. A good woodsman does not burn brush when the country is very dry and windy. If he finds fires burning, he tries to put them out himself, but if he can not, he gets word to the nearest forest ranger as quickly as possible.

STATE AND FEDERAL FIRE LAWS

Both the State of New Mexico and the United States have passed laws which provide penalties for failure to handle fires in the way in which good woodsmen do. By this means those who are careless with fires may be taught how dangerous it is. The New Mexico law

has penalties of from $25 to $500 or up to six months in jail for setting and leaving forest fires burning. People are told of these laws by signs which are tacked upon trees in many of the forests. Because they give this valuable information, the signs should not be mutilated or torn down.

1. What kind of camp fires do good woodsmen build ? 2. In what kind of a place do they build them?

3. What do they do with their camp fires and refuse before leaving?

4. How can smokers' fires be prevented ?

5. Are there laws in New Mexico for the prevention of forest fires? What are the penalties?

Page 15

fire fighters, transport them to the fire line, and forward food supplies and equipment.

HOW FIRES ARE PUT OUT

advantage is, of course, taken of open spaces which will permit the work to be done more rapidly and of ridges where the fires do not burn so fiercely. Sometimes back-firing is resorted to. This consists in building a fire along a road or trail or other favorable place where it can be properly controlled and allowing it to burn back to the main fire where they both go out for lack of further material to burn. A back-fire, however, if not carefully handled, is likely to get beyond control. It should be used only by experienced fire fighters. Fires burn very rapidly up hill but can frequently be stopped at the top of ridges. They die down during the night, which is the best time to bring them under control.

WHAT YOU CAN DO TO PREVENT FOREST FIRES Remember that it is the duty of every one who goes into the woods, whether on business or pleasure, to be extremely careful not to start fires and to help put them out if they do start. You can help tre

Page 16

Scom CORE CARDS serve a twofold purpose. They are

valuable guides in the construction and selection of clothing. Subject matter is crystallized; nonessentials are eliminated; standards to be attained are grouped and given relative values.

Score cards are also a necessity if contests are to be judged fairly. Clothing contests based on the use of carefully prepared scores are one of the educational features of extension work. Not only the contestants but the general public, through the publicity given to the scores, gains a concise standard that can be used advantageously in determining the value of clothing to the wearer. However, when the competition is keen, much dissatisfaction may be caused by the introduction of scores not hitherto known to all the participants. This is particularly true in country-wide elimination contests. The only fair method is to use as nearly uniform score cards as possible based on the best points of all.

This bulletin prepared by the Bureau of Home Economics meets this need and helps to establish standards for economical, becoming, and healthful apparel.

GERTRUDE L. WARREN,
Office of Cooperative Extension Work.

SCORE CARDS FOR JUDGING CLOTHING SELECTION

AND CONSTRUCTION

RUTH O'BRIEN, Textile Chemist, in Charge; MAUDE CAMPBELL, Assistant Specialist in Clothing; MARY ALEEN DAVIS, Junior Specialist in Clothing, Division of Textiles and

Clothing, Bureau of Home Economics

The use of score cards as a basis for judging the relative values of articles has become a universal practice at fairs and contests where prizes or honors are being sought by the contestants. The method is also used in schools, clubs, and other places where grading is done or where relative values are taught. Many leaders are discovering that there is perhaps no better way of getting before a producer or consumer a definite, concise, evaluation of the article produced or purchased. Clothing presents a field in which such evaluation is especially needed, and the growing practice of judging garments and costumes by the definite requirements set up on score cards is a praiseworthy one. From an educational standpoint the exact percentage allotted each item on such cards is not vital, but does call attention to the relative importance of the different points that should be considered in selecting or making a garment.

The score cards given here are not suggested as ideal but are offered in the hope that they may be one step in bringing some uniformity in the great variety now being used. They were compiled after a study of cards submitted by various State clothing specialists. All scores should be published before the contest, in order that the contestants may know the standards by which their work is to be judged. Many of the scores are given in greater detail than will be required by experienced judges. In such cases, it is suggested that only the main headings be used.

SCORE CARDS FOR JUDGING CLOTHING SELECTION

The tendency of many persons to purchase garments ready-made and a growing realization of the importance of wise consumption is rapidly developing an appreciation of training in the selection and use of clothing. Clothing contests and so-called style shows are an excellent means of accomplishing this. Since many are regretting that the name “style show” has been given to these contests, the term “ dress revue has been suggested in these scores.

The garments may be made or selected by the contestants for themselves, for cther members of their families, or for friends. Often it is possible to arrange a selection contest in which garments are collected by those in charge, displayed, and costumes selected from them by the contestants. This is particularly advisable if the contestants come from a distance.

Rules for these contests should be distributed in advance and should include the following points:

In all of the selection contests the garments may be made by the contestant, or purchased ready-made, but the limit of cost allowed must be specified by the rules of the contest. An itemized statement of the cost in both money and time used in making the garments must be submitted. If the construction of the garments is to be judged in connection with the dress revue it may be scored first [see Score Cards for Judging Clothing Construction, p. 6] and the final rating calculated by averaging the two totals. In the revues, the person for whom the costume has been selected shall appear wearing the complete costume including all accessories. In all other contests the articles are not worn.

REVUE OF SCHOOL, HOUSE, OR STREET COSTUMES

This score card has been prepared especially for judging this type of costume but can be used for all adult costumes if desired. For a discussion of rules governing selection contests, see above.

I. GENERAL APPEARANCE

General design and color combination. Individuality and style Posture and carriage [if worn by contestant]. Personal neatness Fit of garments

Effect of underwear II. SUITABILITY OF COSTUME TO INDIVIDUAL

Artistic aspects.--

Becomingness of color.

Suitability of design. Health aspects

Comfort.

Protection. III. SUITABILITY TO PURPOSE..

Occasion --

Time of year IV. ECONOMIC FACTORS..

Durability of materials and design -- Value in relation to cost- Judgment shown in distribution of cost among various articles_

Cost of upkeep--- V. ETHICS OF THE COSTUME.

Modesty Social influence.-

REVUE OF AFTERNOON, EVENING, OR PARTY COSTUMES

This score card has been prepared especially for use in judging this type of costume but can be used for all adult costumes, if desired. For a discussion of rules governing selection contests, see

1. GENERAL APPEARANCE

General design and color combination--- Individuality and style_- Posture and carriage [if worn by contestant] Personal neatness.- Fit of garments..

Effect of underwear. II. DESIGN OF COSTUME_

Suitability of design to person and occasion. Beauty of design and color--

Becomingness of color.. III. MATERIALS IN COSTUME_

Suitability to person

Suitability to occasion. IV. ECONOMIC FACTORS_-

Judgment shown in distribution of cost among articles_- Durability of design.

Value in relation to cost-- V. ETHICS OF THE COSTUME_

Modesty--- Social influence-

Contests of this type are usually held in connection with classes on children's clothing, but may well be encouraged as a part of club programs. Suits for little boys, dresses, or rompers are preferable for such contests, but coats may be shown. The age of the child for whom the costume is intended and the occasion upon which it is to be worn should be stated by the contestant.

I. GENERAL APPEARANCE

General design and color combination.- Individuality and style-- Neatness Fit of garments---

Effect of underwear - II. SUITABILITY OF COSTUME TO CHILD-

Artistic aspects----

Becomingness of color.

Suitability of design. Health aspects.

Comfort.

Protection. III. SUITABILITY TO OCCASION. IV. ECONOMIC FACTORS..

Durability Laundering and cleaning qualities--- Judgment shown in distribution of cost among articles.-

Page 17

For a discussion of rules governing selection contests, see page 2.

I. RELATION OF HAT TO INDIVIDUAL

Suitability to age of person. Silhouette of hat--

Relation to full-length figure. Relation to front of face.

Relation to profile. Color of hat-

Relation to hair. Relation to complexion.

Relation to eyes. II. RELATION OF HAT TO COSTUME WORN. III. DESIGN AND COLOR--

Suitability to purpose. Proportions of the hat.--

Relation of width of brim to size and height of crown. Choice and distribution of trimming- Color combinations

Individuality and style-- IV. MATERIALS

Suitability to design and purpose- Combination of textures---

Durability V. VALUE IN RELATION TO COST IN TIME AND MONEY.

COMPLETE COSTUMES FOR MISSES OR ADULTS

The contestant shall exhibit a complete costume, including accessories, for a person of the group specified; for example, high-school or college girl, middle-aged or elderly woman, and for an occasion named. For a discussion of rules governing selection contests, see

I. GENERAL APPEARANCE

General design and color combination--

Individuality II. SUITABILITY TO GROUP OF PERSONS FOR WHOM PLANNED_

Artistic aspects

Design and color.

Materials. Health aspects--

Comfort.

Protection. III. COMPLETENESS OF COSTUME. IV. ECONOMIC ASPECTS..

Durability of materials and design--- Value in relation to cost--- Judgment shown in distribution of cost among articles..

Cost of upkeep---- V. SUITABILITY TO OCCASION. VI. WORKMANSHIP

Neatness and quality of stitching, seams, hems, etc.

COMPLETE COSTUMES FOR CHILDREN

For a discussion of rules governing selection contests, see page 2.

Points I. SUITABILITY OF DESIGN AND MATERIALS

50 Health aspects-----

15 Comfort and protection. Ease of putting on and removing--

10 Design.

Fastenings. Economic aspects

Durability. Provision for growth of child.

Ease of laundering and cleaning. Artistic aspects

10 Beauty of design and color.

Simplicity. II. COMPLETENESS OF COSTUME_

10 III. GENERAL ATTRACTIVENESS OF EXHIBIT..

10 IV. RELATION OF VALUE TO COST IN TIME AND MONEY

10 V. WORKMANSHIP

Neatness and quality of stitching, seams, hems, etc.

Layettes have not been included in either selection or construction contests to the extent which their importance warrants. In view of the recent development of knowledge of child hygiene and the awakened interest in the subject of child welfare and training during the last few years, this is an excellent time to draw more attention to the subject of adequate and well-selected clothing for infants. The great variety of suggested minimum layettes published by commercial and community organizations is striking evidence of the need for study of this question. Such contests can be held not only in connection with fairs and school exhibits where children's clothing is being taught, but also as part of the work of mothers' classes connected with child-welfare clinics, community centers, and child-study groups. Pediatricians are usually available in these classes and can add much to the educational value of the contest by advising concerning the health aspects of the clothing shown.

For a discussion of rules governing selection contests, see page 2.

The contestant shall attach a statement of the cost of the shoes to the exhibit as well as an outline of the feet to be fitted. The outline should be drawn while the entire weight is on the feet. For a discussion of rules governing selection contests see page 2.

The contestant shall attach to the hose a tag stating whether they are entered as sports, street, or dress hose, the type, size, and color of the shoe with which they will be worn, and the cost of the hose. For a discussion of rules governing selection contests, see page 2.

Points

35 10 10 10 5

40 10 10 10 10

1. SUITABILITY TO PURPOSE

Fiber Weight of hose.. Kind of knitting [rib, fancy, plain, etc.]

Size of stocking in relation to shoe.. II. CONSTRUCTION

Shaping of leg- Seams of foot- Reinforcements

Perfection of knitting-- III. DESIGN AND COLOR

Desirability and beauty of decorative treatments.. Shape of heel reinforcement.--

Color.-- IV. COST IN RELATION TO QUALITY.

SCORE CARDS FOR JUDGING CLOTHING CONSTRUCTION In compiling these scores an attempt has been made to give the proper value to such items as the design of the garments and the selection of materials. While workmanship is important, there is no doubt but that too much emphasis has been given to it in the past at the expense of other equally valuable considerations.

Rules for all these contests should be distributed in advance and should include the following points:

The contestant shall attach to the garment entered a record of the time used in making it and a complete itemized statement of the cost of the materials used in its construction. The general age group for which the garment is intended should be given, for example, child, high-school girl, middle-aged woman, or elderly woman.

RE WOOL COATS AND SUITS FOR ADULTS OR CHILDREN

For a discussion of rules governing construction contests, see page 6.

Points

20 10 5 5

20 5 10 5

50 30

I. MATERIALS USED, INCLUDING TRIMMINGS.-

Suitability to design and purpose of garment-- Durability materials.-

Cleaning qualities_ II. DESIGN AND COLOR_-

Suitability to purpose. Beauty of line and color.

Individuality III. WORKMANSHIP

Detail of construction.

Seams. Collar and facings. Pockets and fastenings.

Lining. Tailored appearance

Pressing---- IV. RELATION OF GARMENT VALUE TO COST IN TIME AND MONEY.

SCHOOL, HOUSE, OR STREET DRESSES

For a discussion of rules governing construction contests, see page

I. MATERIALS USED, INCLUDING TRIMMINGS-

Suitability to design and purpose of dress. Durability of materials---

Laundering and cleaning qualities-- II. DESIGN AND COLOR---

Suitability to occasion.- Individuality--

Beauty of line and color.. IIL WORKMANSHIP-

Choice and neatness of seams, hems, finishes, etc.

Perfection of stitching [hand or machine]. IV. GENERAL APPEARANCE-

Cleanliness

Pressing----- V. RELATION OF GARMENT VALUE TO COST IN TIME AND MONEY-

AFTERNOON, EVENING, OR PARTY DRESSES

For a discussion of rules governing construction contests, see page 6.

I. DESIGN AND COLOR--

Beauty of design and color combination - Suitability to occasion and age of wearer.

Individuality-- II. MATERIALS USED, INCLUDING TRIMMINGS-

Suitability to design and purpose of dress..

Cleaning qualities III. WORKMANSHIP-

Choice and neatness of seams, hems, finishes, etc..

Perfection of stitching [hand or machine]. IV. GENERAL APPEARANCE-

Cleanliness-

Pressing- V. RELATION OF GARMENT VALUE TO COST IN TIME AND MONEY.

CHILDREN'S OUTER GARMENTS [EXCEPT COATS] The age of the child for whom the garment is intended as well as the occasion upon which it is to be worn should be stated by the contestant. For a discussion of rules governing construction contests, see page 6.

Points I. MATERIALS USED, INCLUDING TRIMMINGS..

20 Suitability to design and purpose of garment..

10 Durability of materials--

5 Laundering and cleaning qualities.

5 II. DESIGN AND COLOR_-.

40 Suitability to child.

Comfort. Protection.

Ease of putting on and removing. Beauty of line and color...

10 Simplicity

5 Suitability to occasion... III. WORKMANSHIP

20 Choice and neatness of seams, hems, finishes, etc.

10 Perfection of stitching [hand or machine].

10 IV. GENERAL APPEARANCE-

10 Cleanliness

Pressing----- V. RELATION OF GARMENT VALUE TO COST IN TIME AND MONEY---

Total score_

100 UNDERGARMENTS There has been much difference of opinion among clothing specialists as to the advisability of certain practices in the construction of undergarments. Since, in many cases, this has operated unfairly against competitors trained under leaders holding opinions contrary to those of the judges, the following decisions are given, not necessarily as ideal but in the interest of fair competition:

Elastic or bands of the material will be equally acceptable at the knee and waist.

Flat felled seams shall be considered as the most desirable type of seam for bloomers and other similar garments.

Colored underwear is permissible if it is dainty, serviceable, and forms an inconspicuous foundation for the outer clothing.

Rayon and silk undergarments will be accepted but not encouraged in club girls' contests.

For a discussion of rules governing construction contests, see

I. MATERIALS USED, INCLUDING TRIMMINGS.

Hygienic aspects-- Durability of materials-

Laundering qualities--- II. WORKMANSHIP..

Choice and neatness of seams, hems, finishes, etc---

Perfection of stitching [hand or machine] III. DESIGN

Suitability

Protection and modesty.

Comfort. Beauty in line and color..

Originality-- IV. GENERAL APPEARANCE-

Cleanliness

Pressing-- V. RELATION OF GARMENT VALUE TO COST IN TIME AND MONEY.-

Points

30 10 10 10

30 15 15

20 10

Page 18

Secretary of Agriculture_

W. M. JARDINE.
Assistant Secretary-

R. W. DUNLAP.
Director of Scientific Work--

A. F. WOOD8.
Director of Regulatory Work--

WALTER G. CAMPBELL.
Director of Extension Work-

C. W. WARBURTON.
Director of Information -

NELSON ANTRIM CRAWFORD.
Director of Personnel and Business Admin-
istration-

W. W. STOCKBERGER.
Solicitor.

R. W. WILLIAMS.
Weather Bureau..

CHARLES F. MARVIN, Chief.
Bureau of Agricultural Economics--

LLOYD S. TENNY, Chief.
Bureau of Animal Industry---

John R. MOHLER, Chief.
Bureau of Plant Industry---

WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief.
Forest Service---

W. B. GREELEY, Chief.
Bureau of Chemistry-

C. A. BROWNE, Chief.
Bureau of Soils--

MILTON WHITNEY, Chief.
Bureau of Entomology--

L. 0. HOWARD, Chief.
Bureau of Biological Survey--

E. W. NELSON, Chief.
Bureau of Public Roads--

THOMAS H. MACDONALD, Chief.
Bureau of Home Economics_

LOUISE STANLEY, Chief.
Bureau of Dairy Industry-

C. W. LARSON, Chief.
Office of Experiment Stations-

E. W. ALLEN, Chief.
Office of Cooperative Extension Work--- C. B. SMITH, Chief.
Library--

CLARIBEL R. BARNETT, Librarian.
Federal Horticultural Board--

C. L. MARLATT, Chairman.
Insecticide and Fungicide Board--

J. H. HAYWOOD, Chairman.
Packers and Stockyards Administration--- JOHN T. CAINE III, in Charge.
Grain Futures Administration ---

J. W. T. DUVEL, in charge.

This circular is a contribution from

Bureau of Home Economics-

Division of Textiles and Clothing ---

LOUISE STANLEY, Chief.
RUTH O'BRIEN, in Charge.

ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C.

AT 6 CENTS PER COPY

Page 19

bakes it hard. The rain, falling on this hard earth, rushes off the surface directly into the streams. This results in irregularity of stream flow, often amounting to floods in rainy seasons and failure of the water supply in dry weather, and in the choking up of stream beds by the washed-off topsoil.

In protecting watersheds the forests guard water power, which thus takes a place high on the list of important forest resources. Another forest resource of great value is the forage growing on thinly timbered areas, which furnishes grazing for cattle, sheep, and horses. Still another, of incalculable value, is the opportunity for recreation. All these great resources, as well as timber, are bounteously present in the national forests, and all are administered by the Federal Forest Service under the policy of bringing about the greatest good to the greatest number of people.

In addition to the huge administrative task of growing timber in the national forests, supervising their use by the public, and protecting them against fire, the work of the Forest Service includes scientific investigations. At stations widely scattered through the States its scientists are constantly at work on new methods of fire prevention and control, better logging and planting practices, studies of the rates of growth of different kinds of timber, ways of increasing timber yields, and better and more nomical methods of using wood.

The greatest forward step in forestry since the establishment of the national forests was the pas. sage, in 1924, of the Clarke-McNary Act. The most important provision of this law is that which offers the financial cooperation of the Federal Government to the States and to forest owners in fire control. It also provides for advice and assistance to State forestry organizations and forestry associations, and for help to farmers in establishing and caring for farm woods and forest plantings that will protect their crops. Through this law the ideal of Government leadership in the, care of natural resources, the dream of Theodore Roosevelt and of other conservationists, has been brought much nearer to realization,

5. THE FORESTRY GUY

A knightly figure amid the green,

In khaki instead of mail, A face of bronze, eyes quick and keen-

Swift hoofbeats on the trail. A home in the saddle through summer days,

A bed 'neath the evening sky; Who is it that travels the silent ways?

He's only a forestry guy. A camp on the heights, where snowbanks gleam ;

A packhorse that's grazing near ; No sound save the sound of the mountain stream ---

The town sends no echo here; A figure bathed in the sunset's fires;

Who dwells on these peaks so high? Who travels amid these granite spires ?

He's only a forestry guy. A tendril of smoke in the valley,

A flame that is fanned by the breeze; A break-neck dash down the mountain side

And a fight for the living trees ; A fight that is won, though the price is dear;

There are scars ere the red flames die ;
Who is it that dices with death each year? Ile's only it forestry guy.

---Arthur Chapman.

Page 20

8. FORESTS IN THE BIBLE He hath laid my vine waste and barked my fig tree; he hath made it clean bare and cast it away; the branches thereof are made white. [Joel i :7.]

How do the beasts groan! The herds of cattle are perplexed because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are made desolate.

0, Lord to Thee will I cry, for the fire hath devoured the pastures of the wilderness, and the flame hath burned all the trees of the field.

The beasts of the field cry also unto Thee, for the rivers of waters are dried up and the fire hath devoured the pastures of the wilderness. [Joel i:18, 19, 20.]

For every beast of the forest is mine, and the cattle upon a thousand hills. [Psalms 1:10.]

Is it not yet a very little while and Lebanon shall be turned into a fruitful field and the fruitful field shall be esteemed as a forest. [Isaiah xxix:17.]

Until the spirit be poured upon us from on high, and the wilderness be a fruitful field, and the fruitful field be counted for a forest. [Isaiah xxxii :15.]

Zion shall be plowed like a field and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of a forest. [Jeremiah xxvi :18.]

Son of Man, set thy face toward the South and drop thy word toward the South, and prophesy against the forest of the south field.

And say to the forest of the South-Hear the word of the Lord. Thus saith the Lord God: Behold, I will kindle a fire in thee and it shall devour every green tree in thee and every dry tree. The flaming flame shall not be quenched and all faces from the south to the north shall be burned therein. [Ezekiel xx: 24, -17.]

When thou shalt besiege a city a long time, in making war against it to take it, thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by forcing an axe against them, and thou shalt not cut them down, for the tree of the field is man's life. [Deuteronomy xx:19.]

For there is hope of a tree, if it be cut down, that it will sprout again and that the tender branch thereof will not cease. [Job xiv: 7.]

And he shall be like a tree planted by the rivers of water that bringeth forth his fruit in his season ; his leaf also shall not wither and whatsoever he doeth shall prosper. [Psalms i: 3.]

For he shall be as a tree planted by the waters and that spreadeth out her roots by the river, and shall not see when heat cometh, but her leaf shall be green; and shall not be careful in the year of drought, neither shall cease from yielding fruit. [Jeremiah xvii: 8.]

And God said unto Noah : “ Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and thou shalt pitch it within and without with pitch. [Genesis vi: 14.]

Out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food. [Genesis ii : 9.]

Page 21

Interest in the forestry movement springs from impulses that are characteristically feminine. A woman's instinct commands that useful and beautiful things be saved from waste and destruction, and that careful provision be made for the future into which our children are growing up. These are precisely the objects of forest conservation. The useful and the beautiful of our own time and especially of the time of our children are menaced by the neglect and careless use of forests.

And this is not one of the causes in which women, however they may long to act, find themselves helpless to do so. Many opportunities lie open to women's organizations for practical activity in the forestry cause.

The first essential of systematic work for forest conservation is that each forested State have a State forestry department. In the few forested States that have not yet established such departments the women's organization has a clean-cut job ready to its hand. In many of the States forestry departments have been created, but are crippled by the meagerness of their appropriations. Additional funds may be needed to improve the State's system of fire prevention and control or to support the intensely practical project of sending out foresters to teach farmers and other private land owners how to develop and care for woodlands; or they may go into the purchase of State forests. The creation or enlargement of State or municipal forests is an activity in which a number of women's organizations have chosen to go on their own responsibility, purchasing forest land as a useful and perpetual gift to the State or the community. Land for this purpose can usually be bought very cheaply, since forests will grow on land totally unsuitable for farm purposes; and thus with only a small outlay it is possible to establish a public resource of value and an object of civic pride which incidentally stimulates the interest of the public in forestry. Women's clubs have sometimes found an additional incentive in the opportunity to purchase a tract of special historical interest or an especially beautiful forest area which otherwise might have been disfigured by destructive lumbering.

The great value in any welfare campaign of reach. ing the minds of children requires no artificial emphasis in its presentation to women's clubs. Forest conservation is a matter of the most urgent concern to the rising generation, and children should be learning of it. No more practical step can be planned by a club anxious to assist in this cause than the introduction of forest study into the schools. In a number of States elementary instruction in forestry has been made a regular part of the course in public schools, either as a distinct subject or in correlation with other subjects. Women's clubs have a brilliant opportunity to bring about the introduction of such courses into the schools of other States, and to see that when introduced the work is properly supported. In many cases forest study in the local schools can be encouraged by the gift of equipment or material.

In the line of adult education it is suggested that clubs get in touch with the Federal and State forest services and with forestry associations, which will

Page 22

Giới thiệu về cuốn sách này

Page 2

Page 3

Page 4

Page 5

Page 6

Page 7

Page 8

Page 9

Page 10

Page 11

Page 12

Page 13

Page 14

Page 15

Page 16

Page 17

Page 18

Page 19

Page 20

Page 21

Page 22

Video liên quan

Bài Viết Liên Quan

Toplist mới

Bài mới nhất

Chủ Đề