Which of the following best describes Middle Eastern trade in the period 1000 1450?

(A) Only Marx stressed the history of the "class struggle" in history.

(B) Only Marx stressed the primary role of the industrial proletariat.

(C) Only Marx thought that a socialist revolution must be achieved through parliamentary reform.

(D) Only Lenin argued that the workers' revolution would have to be led by professional revolutionaries.

(E) Only Lenin argued that revolution would occur in the most industrialized countries.

(A) Wheat and barley

(B) Corn and beans

(C) Bananas and oranges

(D) Wool and beef

(E) Sugar and tobacco

(A) The rulers of both believed in strictly separating secular and religious concerns.

(B) The top administrators in both empires were chosen by a system of competitive examinations.

(C) Christianity was prohibited in both empires.

(D) Both empires were established by skilled warriors on horseback who came originally from Central Asia.

(E) Both empires experienced a drastic decline in population after 1500 owing to the spread of diseases brought as a result of contact with Europeans.

(A) the crown prince

(B) the shogun

(C) the samurai class

(D) powerful merchants

(E) Shinto priests

(A) the mother of citizens

(B) the manager of property

(C) a political participant

(D) a productive worker

(E) a consumer

(A) The Industrial Revolution

(B) European medical technology

(C) Spanish control of New World silver

(D) Portuguese naval and firearms technology

(E) the Enlightenment

(A) A unified Islamic Empire eliminated all internal tariffs and encouraged trade.

(B) The area was engaged in regular trade with China, India, and sub-Saharan Africa.

(C) The Ottoman Empire drained the resources of the area in the Empire's war with India.

(D) The Byzantine Empire and the Russian Empire controlled trade in the area.

(E) The area ceased trading with Europe but continued trading with sub-Saharan Africa.

(A) Common people need to learn how to write so they can tell their story.

(B) Hunting is a sport that brings glory only to the hunter.

(C) The concept of history is much different in Africa than in Europe or the United States.

(D) History usually reflects the viewpoint of the victors.

(E) Lions are not humans and do not have a history.

(A) Commodities from Africa dominated trade with China and India.

(B) The demand for Asian commodities was financed by New World silver.

(C) International conflict declined because of growing cooperation among international traders.

(D) European dominance of China began.

(E) The African slave trade declined.

(A) the creation of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere by Japan

(B) the emphasis on producing high-value consumer goods for export

(C) the dominance of China's Four Modernizations policy

(D) huge imports of oil, cars, and elctronics into the region from the United States

(E) the decline of the European Economic Community