In compartment fires, class a fuel combustible materials with high surface-to-mass ratios are:

A chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either glow or flame.

A rapid oxidation process, which is a chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of the light and heat in varying intensities.

A form of energy characterized by a vibration of molecules and capable of initiating and supporting chemical changes and changes of state.

Measure of a materials ability to transfer heat energy to other objects; the greater the energy, the higher the temperature.

A material that will maintain combustion under specific environmental conditions.

Any material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gas, or that readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible materials.

Anything that occupies space and mass.

Capacity to perform work; occurs when a force is applied to an object over a distance, or when a chemical, biological, or physical transformation is made in a substance.

Chemical process that occurs when a substance combines with an oxidizer such as oxygen in the air.

Stored energy possessed by an object that can be released in the future to perform work once released.

The energy possessed by a body because of its motion.

Defined in terms of mechanical energy. It is equal to the energy expended in applying a force of 1 N through a distance of matter. Energy required to increase temperature 4.2 J raises raises 1 g of water 1°.

Chemical reaction that releases thermal energy or heat.

Chemical reaction that absorbs thermal energy or heat.

Chemical decomposition of a solid material by heating. Often precedes combustion.

Physical process that changes a liquid into a gaseous state; the rate of vaporization depends on the substance involved, heat, pressure, and exposed surface area.

The process of initiating self sustained combustion.

Moment when a mixture of fuel and oxygen and counters an external heat source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion reaction.

Initiation of combustion by heat but without a flame or spark.

Visible, luminous body of burning gas emitting radiant energy including the light or various color given off by burning gases or vapors during the combustion process.

A model used to explain the elements/conditions necessary for combustion. The sides of the triangle represent heat, oxygen, and fuel.

Model of four elements/conditions required to have a fire. The four sides represent fuel, heat, oxygen, and self-sustaining chemical chain reaction.

Materials that absorb heat but do not participate actively in the combustion process.

Materials produced and released during burning.

Colorless, odorless us, dangerous gas formed by the incomplete combustion of carbon. It combines with hemoglobin more than 200 times faster than oxygen, the decreases the blood's ability to carry oxygen.

Colorless, toxic, flammable liquid until it reaches 79°F. Above that temperature, it becomes a gas with a faint odor similar to better almonds produced by the combustion of nitrogen bearing substances.

Colorless, odorless, heavier than air gas that neither supports combustion nor Burns; used in portable fire extinguishers as an extinguishing agent to extinguish class B or C fires by smothering or displacing oxygen.

The kinetic energy associated with the random motions of the molecules of a material or object. Often used interchangeably with the terms heat and heat energy. Measured in joules or BTU.

The result of exothermic reactions, occurring spontaneously in some materials under certain conditions, whereby heat is generated at a rate sufficient to raise the temperature of the material.

Initiation of combustion of a material by an internal chemical or biological reaction that has produced sufficient heat to ignite the material.

The measure of the rate of transfer to a surface.

Transfer of heat through or between solids that are in direct contact.

Heat transfer by circulation within a medium such as a gas or a liquid.

Heat transfer by way of electromagnetic energy.

The tendency or capacity to remain a float in a liquid or rise in air or gas.

Composed of at least one inlet opening, one exhaust opening, and the connecting volume between openings. The direction of the flow is determined by difference in pressure. Heat and smoke and high-pressure area will flow to low-pressure area.

Buoyant layer of hot gases and smoke produced by a fire in a compartment.

The fuel that is being oxidized or burned during combustion.

Total amount of thermal energy that could be generated by the combustion reaction if a fuel were completely burnt. Measured in BTU per pound or megajoules per kilo gram.

Total amount of heat released per-unit time. Measured in kilowatts and megawatts of output.

A unit of measure of power or rate of work equal to one joule per second.

Weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure.

Mass of a substance compared to the mass of an equal volume of water at a given temperature.

Any liquid having a flashpoint below 100° and a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psi absolute.

Measure the tendency of a substance to a evaporate. The pressure at which the vapor is in equilibrium with its liquid phase for a given temperature. Liquids that have a greater tendency to evaporate have higher vapor pressure for a given temperature.

Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors to form and ignitable mixture with air near the liquid surface.

Temperature at which a liquid fuel produces sufficient vapors to support combustion once the fuel is ignited. Fuel point must exceed five seconds of burnt duration during the test.

Degree to which a solid, liquid, or gas dissolves in a solvent.

Materials that are capable of being mixed in all proportions.

Petroleum-based organic compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon.

Flammable liquids that have an attraction for water, much like a positive magnetic pole attracts a negative pole; examples include alcohol, Keytone, and lacquer.

Liquid having a flashpoint out or above 100°F and below 200°F

The range between the upper flammable limit and lower flammable limit in which a substance can be ignited.

Limit at which a flammable gas or vapor will ignite; above this limit the gas or vapor is too rich to burn.

Limit at which a flammable gas or vapor will ignite and support combustion; below this limit the gas or vapor is to lean or too thin to burn.

Molecular fragments that are highly reactive.

A fire with adequate oxygen in which the heat released rate and growth rates are determined by characteristics of the fuel, such as quantity and geometry.

A fire with limited ventilation in which the heat released rate or growth rate is limited by the amount of oxygen available to the fire.

Common, prevailing, and uncontrolled atmosphere of weather conditions. The term may refer to the conditions inside or outside of the structure.

The total quantity of combustible contents of a building, space, or fire area. Including interior finish and trim, expressed in heat units of the equivalent weight in wood.

First stage of the burning process in a compartment and which the substance being oxidized is producing some heat, but the heat has not spread to other substances nearby. Oxygen has not really been reduced and temperature is not too much higher than room temperature.

The column of hot gases, flames, and smoke rising above a fire; also called convection column, thermal updraft, or thermal column.

A relatively thin layer of flowing hot gases that develops under a horizontal surface. As a result of plume impingement and the flowing gas being forced to move horizontally.

Outcome of combustion in a confined space in which gases tend to form in layers, according to temperature, with the hottest gases found at the ceiling and the coolest at the floor.

The level at a compartment opening where the difference in pressure exerted by expansion and buoyancy of hot smoke flowing out of the opening and the inward pressure of cooler, ambient temperature air flowing in through the opening is equal.

A rapid transition from the growth stage to the fully developed stage.

A condition where the unburned fire gases that have accumulated at the top of the compartment ignite and flames propagate through the hot gas layer or across the ceiling.

The explosive burning of heated gases that occurs when oxygen is introduced into a compartment that has a high concentration of flammable gases and depleted supply of oxygen due to an existing fire.

Form of fire gas ignition; the ignition of accumulated flammable products of combustion and air that are within their flammable range.

Planned, systematic, and coordinated removal of heated air, smoke, gases or other airborne contaminants from a structure. Replacing them with cooler and/Or fresher air to meet the incident priorities of life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation.

Most commonly found oxidizer is the oxygen found in the air. True or false?

All energy remains in the same form until it is expanded. True or false?

Combustion is a chemical reaction that can occur without fire. True or false?

Most products of combustion are toxic and present a significant threat to human life. True or false?

Smoke may contain unburned fuel. True or false?

Conduction is the reason firefighters me feel an increase in temperature one working and I'll flowpath. True or false?

Heat released rate decreases one ventilation is limited. True or false?

The primary consideration for ignition of solid fuels is surface to mass ratio. True or false?

Nonflaming combustion can continue and extremely low concentrations when the surrounding temperature is low. True or false?

Wow a Fierstein you notice that fuel sources close to areas already on fire our igniting faster than those further away from the fire. What you are noticing as a result of the_____released during combustion.

Firefighting requires the correct use of SCBA to protect firefighters from gases, vapors, and solid particulates that are created during fire ground operations. This product of combustion that includes toxic and flammable gases, vapors, and particulates is most commonly referred to as_______.

Firefighters wear personal protective equipment during emergency operations to protect from a visible products of combustion this product is called______and becomes hotter and less luminous when mixed with proper amounts of oxygen.

There are many firefighting methods, but the most common is cooling fuel with water. This method is called_______and works to reduce the temperature of fuel to the point that it does not produce sufficient vapor to burn.

Of the firefighting methods available to use one method is the simplest. However, allowing the fire to burn until all the fuel is consumed, often called______is not always desirable.

Some firefighting methods will only work on specific types of fuels. For example, the method of______does not work if a fuel is self oxidizing.

A reaction that emits energy as it occurs.

Type of ignition that occurs without any external flame or spark.

when a substance changes from one type of matter into another.

Mode of combustion that occurs more slowly at a lower temperature producing a smoldering glow in a materials surface.

Form of heat transfer through and between solids.

The term that represents the amount of energy and object can release at some point in the future.

The most common form of a mission that occurs when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounter an external heat source with sufficient heat to start the combustion process.

Load of combustion that produces visible flame above a materials surface.

Form of heat transfer by circulation or movement of fluid.

Heat transfer by the transmission of energy as an electromagnetic wave without an intervening medium.

When a substance remains chemically the same but changes in size, shape, or appearance.

A term that represents the energy possessed by a moving object.

A reaction that absorbs energy as it occurs.

All forms of fire involve a keep producing chemical reaction between:

What products of combustion prevents The body from using oxygen on the cellular level?

What products of combustion increases respiratory rate?

What method of electrical energy is defined as particles that can be formed and spatter away from the point of arcing?

The movement of two surfaces against each other creates what source of thermal energy?

What disrupts the point-to-point transfer of heat?

What influences how easily a liquid can be ignited?

What thermal property of a compartment maintains the temperature by absorbing and releasing the large amounts of heat slowly?

What common element of flashover requires the combustion to be in an enclosed space?

Why the surface to mass ratio affects the combustibility of solid fuels?

What stage occurs as the fire consumes the available fuel in the compartment and the heat release rate begins to decline?

Which statement best describes a fire in a large compartment of a compartment with a high ceiling?

What physical state must fuel be in for flaming combustion to occur?